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BACTERIOLOGY LEC > Actinobacillus > Flashcards

Actinobacillus Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Gram stain reaction of Actinobacillus species?

A

Gram-negative

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2
Q

What is the shape of Actinobacillus bacteria?

A

Pleomorphic

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3
Q

Are Actinobacillus species motile?

A

Nonmotile

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4
Q

What are the catalase and oxidase reactions of Actinobacillus?

A

Catalase- and oxidase-variable

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5
Q

How do Actinobacillus species ferment sugars?

A

Ferment sugars without gas production

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6
Q

What is a characteristic feature of primary cultures of Actinobacillus?

A

Very sticky colonies

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7
Q

Can Actinobacillus grow on MacConkey agar?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What enzyme do Actinobacillus species produce?

A

β-galactosidase

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9
Q

Do Actinobacillus species produce indole?

A

No

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10
Q

What are three important pathogenic species of Actinobacillus?

A

A. lignieresii, A. equuli, and A. suis

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11
Q

What disease does A. seminis cause?

A

Ovine epididymitis

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12
Q

What disease does A. salpingitidis cause?

A

Salpingitis in laying hens

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13
Q

Are A. seminis and A. salpingitidis closely related to other actinobacilli?

A

No

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14
Q

From which animal was Actinobacillus lignieresii first isolated?

A

Argentine cattle (resembling actinomycosis)

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15
Q

What is the shape of Actinobacillus lignieresii cells in lesions?

A

Rod-shaped cells in cheeselike granules

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16
Q

How do Actinobacillus lignieresii granules compare to actinomycosis “sulfur granules”

A

Similar but smaller

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17
Q

What microscopic appearance do crushed Actinobacillus lignieresii granules show?

A

Club-like bodies radiating from center

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18
Q

What is the Gram reaction of Actinobacillus lignieresii in crushed granules?

A

Gram-negative bacilli

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19
Q

What morphological forms does Actinobacillus lignieresii show in fluid culture?

A

Diplococci and long curved forms

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20
Q

Is Actinobacillus lignieresii motile?

A

Non-motile

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21
Q

What growth requirement does Actinobacillus lignieresii have?

A

Requires serum or blood for growth

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22
Q

What are the oxygen requirements of Actinobacillus lignieresii?

A

Aerobic (fails to grow anaerobically)

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23
Q

Describe Actinobacillus lignieresii colonies:

A

Bluish-white, delicate, smooth, glistening, convex

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24
Q

Does Actinobacillus lignieresii liquefy serum gelatin?

A

No

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25
What is Actinobacillus lignieresii effect on litmus milk?
Usually unchanged, sometimes slight acidity
26
Does Actinobacillus lignieresii produce indole?
Yes, in small amounts
27
Where is Actinobacillus lignieresii normally found?
Buccal mucous membranes of cattle/sheep
28
How does Actinobacillus lignieresii infection typically occur?
Through wounds in buccal epithelium
29
Actinobacillus lignieresi causes
wooden tongue in cattle
30
What traditional treatment is used for wooden tongue?
Lugol's iodine solution injections
31
What disease does Actinobacillus equuli cause in horses?
Sleepy foal disease (equulosis)
32
What are three historical names for A. equuli?
Bacterium pyosepticus equi, Bacillus nephritidis equi, Shigella equirulis
33
Who first described A. equuli in kidney abscesses?
Meyer in South Africa
34
What is the shape of Actinobacillus equuli?
Small rod-shaped organism
35
What cellular arrangements does A. equuli show?
Short chains and filaments
36
Is Actinobacillus equuli capsulated?
Generally non-capsulated
37
What is the Gram reaction of A. equuli?
Gram-negative
38
What happens in old broth cultures of A. equuli?
: Becomes very cloudy and mucoid with possible pellicle
39
Does A. equuli liquefy gelatin?
: No (filiform growth without liquefaction)
40
Is A. equuli typically hemolytic?
Usually non-hemolytic
41
Where is A. equuli normally found in horses?
Tonsils and intestines
42
What conditions predispose to equulosis?
Debilitation from overtraining, parasitism, or bad weather
43
How do Strongylus vulgaris larvae contribute to infection?
Carry A. equuli during arterial migration
44
What two organ systems are primarily affected in foals of A. equuli?
Kidneys (purulent nephritis) and lungs (pleuropneumonia)
45
Can A. equuli infect piglets?
Yes (causes septicemia)
46
What samples should be cultured for diagnosis?
Blood, kidney lesions, synovial fluid, cervical swabs
47
Who first described Actinobacillus suis?
van Dorssen and Jaarsveld
48
What animals are primarily affected by A. suis?
Pigs (especially piglets 1-8 weeks old)
49
What is the cellular morphology of A. suis?
Rod-shaped, occurring singly/in filaments/masses
50
What is the Gram reaction and motility of A. suis?
Gram-negative and nonmotile
51
What hemolysis patterns does A. suis show?
α-hemolysis on horse-blood agar β-hemolysis on sheep-blood agar
52
What two enzymes does A. suis NOT produce?
Urease and indole
53
What other animals can carry A. suis?
Horses (nasal carriers, aborted fetuses, neonatal deaths)
54
What two agar types help identify A. suis?
Horse-blood agar (α-hemolysis) and sheep-blood agar (β-hemolysis)
55
A. suis Verrucous endocarditis is typical. (T/F)
True
56
A. suis Neonatal foals can be infected. (T/F)
True
57
: From which animals was Actinobacillus salpingitidis first isolated?
Chickens
58
What two conditions does A. salpingitidis cause in laying hens?
Salpingitis and peritonitis
59
What was the original name given to this organism?
Pasteurella salpingitidis
60
What hemolytic pattern does A. salpingitidis show on sheep-blood agar?
Hemolytic
61
On which selective medium can A. salpingitidis grow?
MacConkey agar with crystal violet
62
What group characteristics does it share?
Basic properties of Pasteurella-Actinobacillus group
63
Where was it found in healthy birds?
Cloacae of pullets
64
What two key features help identify A. salpingitidis?
Growth on crystal violet MacConkey agar Hemolysis on sheep blood agar
65
A. salpingitidis is closely related to A. lignieresii. (T/F)
False
66
Where was Actinobacillus seminis first described?
Australia
67
In which two countries is A. seminis widespread in sheep?
Australia and South Africa
68
What is the cellular morphology of A. seminis?
Pleomorphic Gram-negative rods/coccobacilli (single/pairs/short chains)
69
Is A. seminis motile or encapsulated?
: Nonmotile and non-encapsulated
70
What are the optimal growth conditions for A. seminis?
Blood/serum media with 20% CO₂
71
Describe A. seminis colonies after 24 hours:
Pinpoint to droplike, becoming umbonate with transparent periphery and gray center
72
Does A. seminis grow on MacConkey agar?
No
73
What are four negative biochemical reactions of A. seminis?
No carbohydrate fermentation Usually no nitrate reduction Oxidase-negative Indole-negative
74
Where does A. seminis localize in rams?
Epididymis and testis
75
How is A. seminis primarily transmitted?
Through semen
76
Which sheep breeds are most affected A. seminis in South Africa?
Dorper, Karakul, and Merino
77
What two conditions of A. seminis were reported in Australian rams?
Polyarthritis and posthitis
78
Why is A. seminis difficult to identify?
Lacks biochemical activity

BACTERIOLOGY LEC (19 decks)

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