Fusobacterium and Bacteriodes

Question 1

What type of bacteria are Fusobacterium and Bacteroides?

Answer 1

Non-sporeforming, anaerobic bacteria

Question 2

What are the 3 morphological groups of non-sporeforming anaerobes?

Answer 2

Gram-negative bacilli

Gram-positive cocci

Gram-positive bacilli

Question 3

Where are these anaerobes normally found?

Answer 3

Mucous membranes and intestinal tract

Question 4

What percentage of gut flora do Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli constitute?

Answer 4

> 90% of intestinal bacteria

Question 5

What types of infections do Fusobacterium and Bacteriodes
cause?

Answer 5

Abscesses, necrotic, and suppurative processes

Question 6

Fusobacterium and Bacteriodes typically infect alone or with other bacteria?

Answer 6

Often mixed infections with aerobes/facultative anaerobes

Question 7

Fusobacterium produces endospores. (T/F)

Answer 7

False (non-sporeforming)

Question 8

Fusobacterium and Bacteriodes require oxygen for growth. (T/F)

Answer 8

False (strict anaerobes)

Question 9

Gram-negative anaerobes aid in cellulose digestion. (T/F)

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Pure anaerobic infections are most common. (T/F)

Answer 10

False (usually polymicrobial)

Question 11

What family do most pathogenic anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli belong to?

Answer 11

Bacteroidaceae

Question 12

Which clinically important group of Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacilli contains 10 species?

Answer 12

Bacteroides fragilis group

Question 13

What is the current name of the former Bacteroides corrodens?

Answer 13

Eikenella corrodens

Question 14

Which reclassified species causes summer mastitis in cattle?

Answer 14

Porphyromonas levii (formerly B. levii)

Question 15

What organism causes contagious foot rot in sheep?

Answer 15

Dichelobacter nodosus

Question 16

What transmission routes are common for these anaerobes?

Answer 16

Feco-oral and oral-oral

Question 17

Which species is associated with oral infections in horses/cats?

Answer 17

Prevotella heparinolyticus

Question 18

What are the two pathogenic subspecies of Fusobacterium necrophorum?

Answer 18

subsp. necrophorum

subsp. funduliforme

Question 19

To which family does Dichelobacter nodosus (cause of ovine foot rot) now belong?

Answer 19

Cardiobacteriaceae (formerly classified under Bacteroides)

Question 20

What is the primary disease caused by this Gram-negative anaerobic bacillus?

Answer 20

Contagious foot rot in sheep

Question 21

What is the current name of the Gram-negative anaerobic bacillus formerly called Bacteroides melaninogenica?

Answer 21

Prevotella melaninogenica

Question 22

What is the current family classification for Fusobacterium species?

Answer 22

Fusobacteriaceae

Question 23

How frequently does Fusobacterium nucleatum infect animals compared to other species?

Answer 23

Infrequent (unlike F. necrophorum)

Question 24

What are the two main genera of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci?

Answer 24

Peptostreptococcus and Peptococcus

Question 25

Where are these anaerobic cocci normally found?

Answer 25

As normal flora on mucous membranes.

Question 26

Which species is the type species of Peptostreptococcus?

Answer 26

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

Question 27

What is the current name of Peptostreptococcus magnus?

Answer 27

Finegoldia magna

Question 28

How many Peptococcus species exist, and what is its name?

Answer 28

Only one species: Peptococcus niger

Question 29

Which anaerobic bacillus causes swine cystitis/pyelonephritis?

Answer 29

Actinobaculum suis (formerly Eubacterium suis)

Question 30

Where is A. suis harbored in boars?

Answer 30

Preputial diverticulum (transmitted during breeding)

Question 31

Is Lactobacillus pathogenic in animals?

Answer 31

No - normal genital tract flora

Question 32

What human condition is Propionibacterium associated with?

Answer 32

Acne (non-pathogenic in animals)

Question 33

What three systems create anaerobic conditions?

Answer 33

Anaerobic jars (GasPak) Glove boxes Pre-reduced media (thioglycolate broth)

Question 34

What diagnostic test identifies anaerobic metabolites?

Answer 34

Gas-liquid chromatography of fatty acids

Question 35

Why must Gram-positive Anaerobic specimens avoid oxygen exposure?

Answer 35

O₂ kills strict anaerobes

Question 36

What are the two pathogenic subspecies of Fusobacterium necrophorum?

Answer 36

Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (more virulent) Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme

Question 37

What two key toxins does Fusobacterium necrophorum produce?

Answer 37

Endotoxin Leukotoxin

Question 38

Why are capsulated strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum more dangerous?

Answer 38

They show increased virulence in mice

Question 39

What two major conditions does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause in cattle?

Answer 39

Liver abscesses Foot rot

Question 40

What viral disease does Fusobacterium necrophorum complicate in sheep?

Answer 40

Ulcerative dermatosis (as secondary infection)

Question 41

What nasal condition does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause in swine from boar injuries?

Answer 41

"Bull nose"

Question 42

Which Bacteroides species is essential for transmitting foot-rot in sheep?

Answer 42

Bacteroides nodosus

Question 43

What are the growth requirements of Bacteroides nodosus?

Answer 43

Obligate anaerobe