Bacillus

Question 1

What type of animals are susceptible to B. anthracis

Answer 1

Herbivores

Question 2

What type of animals are resistant to B. anthracis

Answer 2

Carnivores and birds

Question 3

B. anthracis spores formed at what temperature?

Answer 3

15-40°C

Question 4

TRUE or FALSE:
B. anthracis sporulation requires high CO2 tension

Answer 4

FALSE
sporulation inhibited by high CO2 tension

Question 5

TRUE or FALSE:
B. anthracis are facultative aerobes

Answer 5

FALSE:
Bacillus anthracis is an obligate aerobe

Question 6

B. anthracis spores germinate at what temperature and duration?

Answer 6

65°C for 15 mins

Question 7

B. anthracis vegetative cells are killed at what temperature and duration?

Answer 7

60°C for 30 mins

Question 8

What are the sources of infection of B. anthracis?

Answer 8

1. Soil
2. Bone meal and vegetable protein
3. Wool and hair
4. Tannery effluents
5. Bloodsucking flies and carrion eaters

Question 9

What are the proteins are produced by B. anthracis that forms the Holotoxin

Answer 9

1. Edema Factor
2. Protective Antigen
3. Lethal Factor

Question 10

What are the Net effect of holotoxin of B. anthracis

Answer 10

1. Damage and kill phagocytes
2. Increased capillary cell permeability
3. Damage clotting mechanism
4. Inhibit bactericidal activity of serum

Question 11

A form of Anthrax thru wound on skin; cutaneous form; malignant carbuncle
or pustule

Answer 11

Localized anthrax

Question 12

A form of Anthrax More often in humans than in animals

Answer 12

Localized anthrax

Question 13

What’s the main cause of death of Anthrax in swine and dogs?

Answer 13

Suffocation

Question 14

A form of Anthrax from airborne spores; pulmonary or inhalation anthrax;
woolsorter’s disease

Answer 14

Generalized anthrax

Question 15

What is the morphology of B. anthracis in tissues?

Answer 15

Short chains with rounded ends, single capsule

Question 16

What is the morphology of B. anthracis in cultures?

Answer 16

Long chains with square ends, Medusa-head colonies

Question 17

What is the size of B. anthracis rods?

Answer 17

1 µm x 3-6 µm

Question 18

What is the appearance of B. anthracis colonies on agar?

Answer 18

Ground glass-like with irregular margins (Medusa-head colonies)

Question 19

What is the appearance of B. anthracis deep colonies?

Answer 19

Small, ragged, and stringy

Question 20

What is the capsule of B. anthracis made of?

Answer 20

Polymers of D-glutamic acid and some polysaccharide

Question 21

How long can B. anthracis spores remain viable?

Answer 21

More than 50 years

Question 22

What factor of B. anthracis increases the intracellular cyclic AMP, causing edema

Answer 22

Edema Factor

Question 23

What factor of B. anthracis binds to host cells and facilitates entry of EF and LF

Answer 23

Protective Antigen

Question 24

What factor of B. anthracis damages and kills phagocytes, inhibits bactericidal activity of serum

Answer 24

Lethal Factor

Question 25

What is the net effect of the B. anthracis toxin complex

Answer 25

Damage to phagocytes, increased capillary permeability, inhibition of clotting, and shock

Question 26

What is the primary cause of death in animals infected with B. anthracis?

Answer 26

Extracellular toxin leading to shock and hemorrhage

Question 27

What percentage of B. anthracis organisms are found in the blood at death?

Answer 27

80%

Question 28

What percentage of B. anthracis organisms are found in the spleen at death?

Answer 28

20%

Question 29

What are the major anthrax enzootic zones?

Answer 29

Tropics and subtropics (India, Pakistan, Africa, South America)

Question 30

What are the environmental conditions favoring B. anthracis spore survival?

Answer 30

Alkaline soil, high nitrogen levels, alternating rain and drought, temperatures above 5.5°C

Question 31

What is the localized form of anthrax in humans called?

Answer 31

Malignant carbuncle or pustule

Question 32

What is the pulmonary form of anthrax called?

Answer 32

Woolsorter’s disease

Question 33

What is the peracute form of anthrax characterized by?

Answer 33

Death within 1-2 hours

Question 34

What is the acute form of anthrax characterized by?

Answer 34

Death within 24 hours

Question 35

What is the localized form of anthrax in swine and dogs characterized by?

Answer 35

Pharyngeal involvement, gastroenteritis, and inflammatory edema of the head and neck

Question 36

What is the primary route of infection for anthrax in humans?

Answer 36

Cutaneous (through wounds) or pulmonary (inhalation of spores)

Question 37

What is the primary route of infection for anthrax in animals?

Answer 37

Ingestion of spores

Question 38

What diagnostic stain is used to identify B. anthracis in tissues?

Answer 38

McFadyean’s stain (organisms appear blue, capsules appear pink)

Question 39

What diagnostic test detects the capsular antigen of B. anthracis?

Answer 39

Agar gel precipitation test (Ascoli test)

Question 40

What is the appearance of B. anthracis colonies on blood agar?

Answer 40

Non-hemolytic, ground glass-like (Medusa-head or judge’s wig-type colonies)

Question 41

What is the component of "string of pearl" test for B. anthracis?

Answer 41

Penicillin

Question 42

What bacteriophage is specific for B. anthracis

Answer 42

Gamma phage

Question 43

What type of immunity do animals recover from anthrax have?

Answer 43

Permanent immunity