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BACTERIOLOGY LEC > Campylobacter > Flashcards

Campylobacter Flashcards

1
Q

What is the characteristic shape of Campylobacter bacteria?

A

S-shaped or spirally curved rods (one or more spirals)

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2
Q

What is the Gram stain reaction of Campylobacter?

A

Gram-negative

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3
Q

How does Campylobacter move?

A

Motile by a single polar flagellum at one or both ends

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4
Q

What are the oxygen requirements of Campylobacter?

A

Microaerophilic (3%-5% CO₂), can be aerobic or anaerobic

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5
Q

What is the oxidase test result for Campylobacter?

A

Oxidase positive

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6
Q

Can Campylobacter ferment carbohydrates?

A

No, it does not use carbohydrates

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7
Q

How many Campylobacter species are recognized?

A

18 species, but only 2 are frankly pathogenic for animals

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8
Q

Which Campylobacter species are pathogenic for animals?

A

Campylobacter fetus (2 subspecies) and C. jejuni

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9
Q

Where are non-pathogenic Campylobacter species typically found?

A

On mucous membranes of the genital and intestinal tracts

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10
Q

Campylobacter is a Gram-positive bacterium. (T/F)

A

False (it’s Gram-negative)

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11
Q

Campylobacter can ferment glucose. (T/F)

A

False (does not use carbohydrates)

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12
Q

All Campylobacter species are pathogenic. (T/F)

A

False (only 2 species are frankly pathogenic)

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13
Q

Campylobacter is oxidase positive. (T/F)

A

True

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14
Q

Campylobacter has peritrichous flagella. (T/F)

A

False (has single polar flagellum at one or both ends)

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15
Q

How many subspecies does Campylobacter fetus have?

A

Two: C. fetus subsp. fetus and C. fetus subsp. venerealis

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16
Q

(Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis) is caused by

A

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

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17
Q

Where is C. fetus subsp. venerealis found in asymptomatic bulls?

A

Preputial cavity

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18
Q

How is C. fetus subsp. venerealis transmitted in cattle?

A

Venereally through infected bull semen

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19
Q

(C. fetus subsp. venerealis) At what gestation stage do abortions typically occur?

A

5-8 months

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20
Q

(C. fetus subsp. venerealis) What are the placental characteristics in infected cows

A

Hemorrhagic and edematous

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21
Q

(C. fetus subsp. venerealis) What reproductive issue arises from uterine infection?

A

Metritis leading to infertility

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22
Q

Where is C. fetus subsp. fetus commonly found?

A

Intestines of cattle/sheep and genital tracts

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23
Q

How is C. fetus subsp. fetus transmitted?

A

Ingestion (direct or via fomites)

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24
Q

What is a key pathological feature of C. fetus subsp. fetus in aborted fetuses?

A

Necrotic foci in fetal liver

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25
What samples are used for culture?
Cervical mucus, preputial secretions, fetal stomach contents
26
Why must clinical samples be fresh?
Organism dies rapidly when exposed to air/sunlight
27
What filtration size captures Campylobacter?
0.65 μm membrane filter
28
How is C. fetus visualized in fetal stomach contents?
Dark-field/phase microscopy or negative staining
29
What molecular method detects subsp. venerealis in semen?
PCR
30
What agar base is used for culture?
Brucella agar with antibiotics
31
What atmospheric conditions are required for growth?
10% CO₂, 5% O₂, 85% N₂
32
Which antibody classes are involved in systemic immunity?
IgM and IgG
33
What is the immunodominant antigen in C. fetus?
99-kDa S-layer protein
34
Which subspecies infects humans?
subsp. fetus (not venerealis)
35
FAT detects C. fetus in preputial washings. (T/F)
True
36
subsp. venerealis is zoonotic. (T/F)
False (only subsp. fetus)
37
C. fetus can survive weeks in dry environments. (T/F)
False (dies within hours unprotected
38
Where is Campylobacter jejuni commonly found?
As a commensal in intestinal tracts of domestic/wild animals and birds
39
Which animals commonly carry C. jejuni?
Poultry, dogs, cats, birds
40
What are the key virulence factors of C. jejuni?
Adhesins Endotoxin (LPS) Cytotoxin Enterotoxin
41
How does C. jejuni colonize the intestine?
Via flagella and adhesins
42
What is unique about C. jejuni's survival mechanism?
Can survive in phagosomes
43
(C. jejuni) How does the enterotoxin cause diarrhea?
Activates adenylate cyclase
44
(C. jejuni) What toxin Causes tissue destruction and abscess formation
cytotoxin
45
(C. jejuni) What are the main clinical signs in infected mammals?
Diarrhea and enterocolitis
46
Which species are affected by C. jejuni-induced abortion?
Bitches, ewes, cows
47
(C. jejuni) What poultry disease does it cause?
Avian infectious hepatitis
48
(C. jejuni) What lesions are seen in poultry livers?
Hemorrhagic and necrotic changes
49
(C. jejuni) Why is treatment often impractical?
Because it's primarily a commensal
50
C. jejuni enterotoxin is identical to cholera toxin. (T/F)
False (similar mechanism but different toxin)
51
C. jejuni can cause mastitis in cows. (T/F)
True
52
The cytotoxin promotes fluid secretion. (T/F)
False (enterotoxin does; cytotoxin causes tissue damage)
53
C. jejuni is always pathogenic. (T/F)
False (often commensal)
54
What type of bacteria are Helicobacters?
Gram-negative, spiral/curved, motile, microaerophilic rods
55
Where are Helicobacter species typically found?
In the stomach or intestines of animals/humans
56
How do Helicobacters survive in the stomach?
By living beneath the mucus layer (pH ~7.4) and producing urease
57
What key enzyme allows Helicobacter to neutralize stomach acid?
Urease (breaks urea → ammonia + CO₂)
58
Name two major toxins produced by H. pylori.
VacA (vacuolating cytotoxin) and CagA (cytotoxin-associated gene)
59
What motility structure is critical for colonization of H. pylori.?
Flagella
60
What human diseases does H. pylori cause?
Chronic gastritis Peptic ulcers Gastric adenocarcinoma
61
Which Helicobacter species commonly infects dogs/cats?
H. heilmannii
62
What media are used for culture of H. pylori?
Skirrow’s medium and chocolate agar + antibiotics
63
How can Helicobacter be visualized diagnostically?
Phase microscopy of gastric mucosa scrapings
64
Can pet Helicobacter species infect humans?
Yes (zoonotic potential)
65
Helicobacter was previously classified as Campylobacter. (T/F)
True
66
H. pylori infection confers lifelong immunity. (T/F)
False (no protective immunity)
67
H. heilmannii causes gastritis in humans. (T/F)
True (rare zoonotic cases)
68
Feco-oral is the only transmission route. (T/F)
False (also oral-oral)

BACTERIOLOGY LEC (19 decks)

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