Active, Active Assistive, and Passive ROM

Question 1

ROM

Answer 1

full motion possible

Question 2

Functional excursion

Answer 2

distance a muscle is capable of shortening after it has been maximally elongated

Question 3

Active insufficiecy

Answer 3

muscle shortening is influenced by more than 1 joint crossing;
shortening the muscle will reduce contraction forces

Question 4

Passive insuffiency

Answer 4

a fully lengthened muscle limits joint motion, resulting in decreased force production

Question 5

Two or multi joint muscles normally function in the ________ of their functional excursion

Answer 5

mid-portion

Question 6

What causes decreased ROM?

Answer 6

Disuse and immobility

Question 7

contracture

Answer 7

adaptive shortening of the muscle-tendon units and surrounding soft tissue

Question 8

contracture results in

Answer 8

resistance to PROM and AROM
limited motion
compensatory movement pattern

Question 9

PROM

Answer 9

movement performed by external force with no voluntary muscle contraction involved

Question 10

external forces used for PROM

Answer 10

therapist
gravity
mechanical advice
another individual or patient’s other limb

Question 11

PROM indications

Answer 11

acute, inflamed tissue
post-surgical protection
pt is unable to move a segment

Question 12

PROM Goals

Answer 12

Maintain existing mobility
prevent contracture
assist circulation
promote synovial fluid mvmt
maintain patient’s awareness of movement

Question 13

additional uses of PROM

Answer 13

asses joint and soft tissue integrity
decrease pain

Question 14

AROM

Answer 14

movement produced by active contraction of muscles crossing the joint

Question 15

AROM indications

Answer 15

pt can contract muscle without assistance
pt may have weakness
used in aerobic and conditioning programs
prevents disuse

Question 16

AROM goals

Answer 16

same as PROM with added benefits of active contractions
maintain elasticity and contraction of muscle(s)
provide sensory feedback
provide bone and joint integrity
increase circulation and prevent clot formation
develop functional coordination

Question 17

AAROM

Answer 17

movement produced by pt’s muscle contraction and assistance is provided

Question 18

examples of AAROM

Answer 18

pullies
cane

Question 19

AAROM indications

Answer 19

weak muscles (MMT grade 2-<3)
pt needs assistance to complete movement

Question 20

Goals for AAROM

Answer 20

same as AROM
provide enough assistance in a control manner so the muscle can function at its maximum lvl and progressively be strengthened

Question 21

Special considerations for ROM: immobilizations

Answer 21

ROM should occur to regions above and below affected area to preserve function

Question 22

Goals for immobilization ROM

Answer 22

prepare for functional activities
maintain the affected areas ROM

Question 23

Bed rest considerations

Answer 23

avoid: decreased circulation, bone demineralization, reduced cardiac and respiratory function

Question 24

Limitations of PROM

Answer 24

true PROM may be difficult when the muscle is innervated and pt is conscious

Question 25

PROM will not:

Answer 25

prevent atrophy increase strength & endurance assist circulation to the extent that active voluntary contraction will

Question 26

limitations of AROM will not:

Answer 26

increase strength develop skill or coordination beyond practiced patterns

Question 27

Contraindications of PROM and AROM

Answer 27

disruption of healing process: immediately after acute tears unhealed fracture post-op restrictions

Question 28

Contraindications of only AROM

Answer 28

unstable cardiovascular condition

Question 29

ROM early intervention

Answer 29

PROM may be initiated to major joints along with some AROM to ankles and feet to avoid thrombus