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MSPT 1 Module 1 > Stretching > Flashcards

Stretching Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

collagen fibers mechanical characteristics

A

resist tensile deformation and are responsible for strength and stiffness of tissue

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2
Q

elastin fibers mechanical characteristics

A

provide extensibility

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3
Q

reticulum fibers mechanical characteristics

A

provide tissue bulk

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4
Q

What is ground substance?

A

organic gel made of water, proteoglycans and glyocproteins; provides hydration, stabilization, and resists compressive forces

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5
Q

Which non-contractile tissue absorbs most of the tensile stress?

A

collagen

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6
Q

When does collagen fail?

A

<10% increase in fiber length

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7
Q

How much can elastin lengthen?

A

up to 150% of resting length w/o failure

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8
Q

Is collagen or elastin stronger?

A

collagen

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9
Q

Alignment of collagen fibers in tendons

A

parallel, resist greatest tensile load

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10
Q

Alignment of collagen fibers in ligaments, capsules, and fascia

A

Variable alignment, resists multidirectional forces

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11
Q

Alignment of collagen fibers in skin

A

random orientation, limited resistance to tensile loads

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12
Q

changes in collagen affecting stress strain response
immobilzation

A

decrease in size/amount of collagen (weakening)
adhesions form as cross linking of disorganized collagen

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13
Q

changes in collagen affecting stress strain response
decreased activity

A

decreased max tensile strength

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14
Q

changes in collagen affecting stress strain response
age

A

decreased tensile strength, adaptation to stress is lower
overuse and tears

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15
Q

changes in collagen affecting stress strain response
corticosteroids

A

decreased tensile strength
achieve plastic stage sooner

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16
Q

stretch deformation depends on

A

magnitude of loading and rate of load application

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17
Q

Key point for mechanical properties of stretching

A

must use any new gained range to allow remodeling of tissue and to train the muscle to control the new range

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18
Q

Tissue deformation
(rate dependence)

A

tissue becomes stiffer when load is applied at a high rate as a protective response

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19
Q

How to minimize rate-dependent response

A

apply stretch gradually

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20
Q

Tissue deformation
(creep)

A

occurs when gradually increasing external load is applied to connective tissue and sustained, causing the tissue to elongate during the stretch

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21
Q

How is creep taken advantage of during treatment?

A

long-duration stretch

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22
Q

Tissue deformation
(stress-relaxation)

A

gradual decrease in force required to maintain the amount of deformation of the tissue

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23
Q

Non-contractile connective tissue structures are the primary source of muscle resistance to

A

passive elongation

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24
Q

Passive stretch to muscle causes:

A

Rise in tension in elastin
Myofilaments slide apart
sarcomeres lengthen but return to resting length when force is released

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25
Immobilization in a shortened position leads to:
reduction in muscle length, fibers, and sarcomeres atrophy and weakness occur
26
Immobilization in a shortened position and length tension curve
shift to left, decreasing capacity to produce max tension when contracting at its normal resting length
27
Which type of muscle fibers are more susceptible to changes during immobilzation?
tonic>phasic
28
Morphological changes during immobilization
decay of contractile protein decreased muscle fiber diameter decreased number of myofibrils atrophy and weakness increased fibrous and fatty tissue in muscle
29
muscle spindle
major sensory organ of muscle monitors velocity and duration of stretch sense length changes and velocity
30
GTO
golgi tendon organ
31
GTO location
near musculotendinous junction
32
GTO is sensitive to tension in muscle caused by
passive stretch and active muscle contraction
33
GTO autogenic inhibition
protective mechanism when excessive tension develops in a muscle, GTO fires, causing inhibition and decreasing tension in the muscle
34
Stretch reflex pathway
quick or sustained stretch->intrafusal fibers of spindle sense change->afferent signals to SC activate extrafusal fibers->increase in active tension of stretched muscle->resists lengthening of muscle
35
Reciprocal inhibition
decreased activity in the muscle on the OPPOSITE side of the joint may occur
36
Alignment during stretching
stretch force must be directed in appropriate muscle group distance between origin and insertion must be maximized
37
Stabilization during stretching
prevent attachment sites from moving during stretch
38
Intensity during stretching
apply at a low intensity using a low load
39
total elongation time
cumulative time of all stretch cycle
40
static stretching
most common in PT elongation of soft tissues just beyond the point of tissue resistance and held in lengthened position with a sustained stretch force over a period of time
41
static progressive stretching
held in lengthened position until relaxation of the tissue is felt, then incrementally lengthened further and again held at the new end range position
42
cyclic stretching
short duration stretch force repeatedly but gradually applied, released and reapplied multiple times
43
mean duration of static stretching
30 seconds
44
best speed for stretching? and why
slow is best minimize m. activation reduces post stretch soreness and risk of injury less stress on connective tissue less likely to activate stress reflex moderates viscoelastic effects of connective tissue
45
ballistic stretching
rapid, forceful intermittent stretch with high velocity and intensity
46
movement of joints during ballistic stretching
fast joint movement that quickly elongates targeted tissues
47
indications for ballistic stretching
young healthy people participating in a conditioning program highly trained athletes young active individuals in the final phase of rehabilitation
48
frequency of stretching
2-5 sessions per week, depending on age, injury, etc
49
What may be causing progressive loss of ROM over time
low grade inflammation from repetitive stress may be causing excessive collagen formation from hypertrophic scarring
50
manual stretching
performed by therapist held for 15-60 sec for several repetitions
51
self stretching
performed independently by patient static stretching for 30-60 sec
52
mechanical stretching
low intensity stretch force over a prolonged period of time LLPS
53
Precautions to follow when stretching: normal ROM
do not passively force a joint beyond its normal ROM
54
Precautions to follow when stretching: Fractures
newly united fractures should be protected
55
Precautions to follow when stretching: Osteoperosis
extra caution
56
Precautions to follow when stretching: long period of immobilization
avoid vigorous stretching
57
Precautions to follow when stretching: duration of soreness
joint pain or muscle soreness should not last more than 24 hours
58
Precautions to follow when stretching: edamatous tissue
avoid stretching edematous tissue
59
Precautions to follow when stretching: weak muscles
avoid stretching weak muscles
60
PNF hold relax
proprioreceptive neuromuscular facilitation pt contracts tight muscle against PT resistance for 5-10s pt relaxes tight muscle PT moves limb passively into new range and tight muscle is elongated
61
PNF Agonist contraction
passive lengthening of the tight muscle pt slowly shortens agonist opposite of tight muscle (antagonist) hold end range for several seconds may cause reciprocal inhibition of tight muscle, allowing tight m. to lengthen easily and increase ROM
62
example for PNF agonist contraction
pt performs prone hip extensions for tight hip flexors
63
relaxation training
helps reduce muscle tension in the entire body
64
heat/ultrasound
warm up tissues prior to stretching
65
cold
spray and stretch applied after stretching to decrease pain and spasm apply to soft tissues in lengthened position
66
massage
enhance relaxation,circulation, and decrease muscle spasm
67
Additional interventions to include in a stretching program
Low load resistance exercises to increase strength and endurance ASAP neuromuscular control strengthen agonist

MSPT 1 Module 1 (12 decks)

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