Acute and chronic injuries

Question 1

Sports injuries

Answer 1

Any kind of injury, pain, or physical damage that occurs as a result of sport, exercise or physical activity

> inevitable
dependant on intensity, preparation, rest/recovery, and competitive opponents

Question 2

Common symptoms

Answer 2

> Immobility
Pain
Swelling
Tenderness
Weakness

Question 3

Types of injury

Answer 3

Acute: happen suddenly in a given moment
Chronic (overuse): develop slowly over a period of time, with sustained symptoms

Question 4

Acute injuries: symptoms

Answer 4

> Sudden severe pain
Loss of function, stability, mobility
Deformity, swelling, bruising
Require immediate first aid treatment

Question 5

Acute: Fracture - definition

Answer 5

A crack or break to a bone (can be partial or complete)

Question 6

Acute: Fracture - cause

Answer 6

Excessive eternal forces

Question 7

Acute: Fracture - types

Answer 7

Simple - bone remains in the skin
Compound - penetrate the skin, creating an open wound

Question 8

Acute: Fracture - sporting examples

Answer 8

strong tackles, landing awkwardly

Question 9

Acute: Dislocation - definition

Answer 9

When the bones at a joint are separated and the joint can no longer function

Question 10

Acute: Disclocation - cause

Answer 10

Caused by a violent action/excessive force

Question 11

Acute: Dislocation - sporting examples

Answer 11

Awkward tackle in rugby
Lifting heavy weight

Question 12

Acute: Soft tissue damage - definition

Answer 12

When muscles, ligaments, or tendons are damaged

Question 13

Acute: Soft tissue damage - examples

Answer 13

> Sprains
Stains
Bruises
Concessions
Tears
Cuts
Ruptures
Abrasion

Question 14

Acute: Sprains - definition

Answer 14

Stretching or tearing a ligament

(commonly ACL)

Question 15

Acute: Sprains - cause

Answer 15

Over-extending a joint beyond its normal range of motion

Question 16

Acute: Sprains - sporting examples

Answer 16

Tackles, awkward landings

Question 17

Acute: Cruciate ligament injury - definition

Answer 17

When the cruciate ligament is stretched or torn (grades depending on severity)

Question 18

Acute: Cruciate ligament injury - cause

Answer 18

Sudden movement of a joint

Question 19

Acute: Cruciate ligament injury - sporting examples

Answer 19

> Turning quickly in rugby
Tackles
Most common in knee (ACL/PCL)

Question 20

Acute: Achilles tendon injury - definition

Answer 20

When the achilles tendon is torn or ruptured (complete tear)

Question 21

Acute: Achilles tendon injury - cause

Answer 21

Forceful and sudden stress on the tendon

Question 22

Acute: Achilles tendon injury - sporting examples

Answer 22

> Sprint start, sudden muscle use
Wearing wrong footwear
Lack of warmup
Happens progressively with age

Question 23

Acute: Concussion - definition

Answer 23

Traumatic head injury that affects brain function

Question 24

Acute: Concussion - cause

Answer 24

forceful blow to the head

Question 25

Acute: Concussion - sporting examples

Answer 25

Contact sports, rugby, boxing

Question 26

Chronic injuries:

Answer 26

> Start with mild symptoms, athlete can ignore and continue > Gradual increase of pain and inflammation > Due to continued overuse

Question 27

Chronic: Tendonitis (Tennis/golfer's elbow) - definition

Answer 27

Inflammation or a tear of tendons

Question 28

Chronic: Tendonitis (Tennis/golfer's elbow) - cause

Answer 28

Overuse of tendon from repetitive movements

Question 29

Chronic: Tendonitis (Tennis/golfer's elbow) - sporty examples

Answer 29

Tennis, golf. badminton faulty technique

Question 30

Chronic: Shin splints (periostitis) - definition

Answer 30

Pain and inflammation of the shin bone and periosteum (layer of connective tissue surrounding bone - supplies blood and cells for growth and repair)

Question 31

Chronic: Shin splints (periostitis) - cause

Answer 31

Repeated stress on the tibia

Question 32

Chronic: Shin splints (periostitis) - sporting examples

Answer 32

Overuse, repeated weight bearing, running

Question 33

Chronic: Stress fracture - definition

Answer 33

Fracture of the bone caused by repeated stress

Question 34

Chronic: Stress fracture - cause

Answer 34

Overuse from weight bearing activities

Question 35

Chronic: Stress fracture - sporting examples

Answer 35

> Overload theory - repeated contractions lead to load being transferred to the skeleton > Runners

Question 36

Strain - definition

Answer 36

Damage to muscle fibres or tendons such as a tear

Question 37

Strain - cause

Answer 37

Impact trauma or overloading a muscle

Question 38

Acute strain - cause

Answer 38

> Poor body mechanics > Heavy lifting > One event

Question 39

Chronic strain - cause

Answer 39

> Stressing a muscle > Repeated movement

Question 40

Strain - sporting examples

Answer 40

100m sprint, lifting too much weight