Acute Kidney Injury

Question 1

Most common cause of AKI

Answer 1

Ischemia

Exposure to mephrotoxins

Question 2

Other causes of AKI

Answer 2

Major surgery
Sepsis
Severe pneumonia

Question 3

AKI:

Answer 3

Rapid decline in renal function, particularly GFR

Question 4

Categories of AKI

Answer 4

Prerenal
Intrinsic/Intrarenal
Postrenal

Question 5

What is Prerenal:

Answer 5

Hypovolemia

Low CO altered vascular resistance

Question 6

Intrinsic/Intrarenal

Answer 6

Glomerular/micro vascular injury
Acute Tubular necrosis
Interstitial nephritis

Question 7

Postrenal

Answer 7

Ureteral/urethral obstruction

Question 8

What is the most common type of AKI

Answer 8

Prerenal

Question 9

Prerenal results from

Answer 9

Results from conditions that affect renal blood flow and perfusion
Trauma
Surgery
Critically ill patients

Question 10

Is Prerenal AKI irreversible

Answer 10

Yes rapidly when blood flow restored and renal parenchyma in damaged

Question 11

Prerenal can lead to ____ disease if renal ischemia is prolonged

Answer 11

Intrarenal

Question 12

Postrenal AKI:

Can result from any condition that prevents

Answer 12

Urine excretion

Question 13

What is the most common precious thing factor of Postrenal AKI

Answer 13

BPH

Question 14

Other factors of Postrenal AKI

Answer 14

Renal Tumors

Urinary Tract Calculi

Question 15

Intrarenal AKI

Characterized by

Answer 15

Acute damage to renal parenchyma and nephrons

Question 16

Most common cause of intrarenal AKI

Answer 16

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 17

AKI related to which population of people

Answer 17

Older adults

Critically ill

Question 18

Rick Factors of AKI

Answer 18

Major trauma or surgery
Infection
Hemorrhage
Severe heart failure
Severe liver disease
Lower urinary tract obstruction
Drugs and radiologic contrast media
Older adults
Child with renal insufficiency

Question 19

Diagnostic Tests:

Answer 19

UA w/ specific gravity, proteinuria, presence of RBCs, and cell casts
GFR
Serum Cr, BUN, electrolytes
ABGs
CBC
Renal ultrasound
CT scan 
IV retrograde, pyelography
Renal Biopsy
Rediographic studies

Question 20

Pharmacological Therapy

Answer 20

Low dose dopamine
Loop diuretic
Osmotic diuretics
ACEs
Nephrotoxic drugs
Antacids PPIs H2 Blockers
Reduce serum K levels
Aluminum hydroxide

Question 21

Fluid Management

Answer 21

Restrict fluid intake

Monitor fluid balance

Question 22

Nutrition Management

Answer 22

Limit protein
Increase carbs
PTN as needed

Question 23

Renal replacement therapy

Answer 23

Dialysis
Hemodialysis
CRRT

Question 24

Dialysis:

Answer 24

Diffusion of solutes across semipermeable membranes

Question 25

Hemodialysis:

Answer 25

Removes electrolytes, waste products, excess water from body via diffusion Blood pumped from body, returned

Question 26

At risk for

Answer 26

Hypovolemia

Question 27

Promptly report fall in urine output ____ in adult

Answer 27

30 ml/hr

Question 28

Diagnosis

Answer 28

``` Excess fluid volume Less than imbalanced nutrition Ineffective renal perfusion Altered skin integrity risk for Infection risk for Risk for altered cardiac perfusion ```

Question 29

AKI: Possible Causes ``` Severe heart failure Hemorrhage Radiologic contrast media Major trauma Cerebrovascular disease ```

Answer 29

Major trauma Heart failure Hemorrhage Radiologic contrast media

Question 30

Conditions that can cause damage to the renal parenchyma and nephrons resulting in AKI ``` Dehydration Glomerulonephritis Hemolysis HTN Vasculitis ```

Answer 30

HTN Hemolysis Glomerulonephritis vasculitis

Question 31

Most common causes of AKI ``` Insufficient blood supply Fluid overload Dehydration Exposure to nephrotoxins Chemical imbalance ```

Answer 31

Ischemia | Exposure to nephrotoxins

Question 32

Most common precipitating factor for post renal AKI

Answer 32

BPH

Question 33

A child is admitted to the hospital with nausea, vomiting, lethargy, oliguria, in the healthcare provider suspects fluid depletion associated with AKI. Which prescribed order should the nurse expect

Answer 33

Isotonic saline solution

Question 34

Hyperkalemia associated with acute kidney injury. The nurse should monitor for which manifestation

Answer 34

ECG changes

Question 35

Diet for acute kidney injury

Answer 35

An increase in carbohydrates

Question 36

What can cause Prerenal AK I

Answer 36

Sepsis

Question 37

For which lab value should the nurse suspect hemodialysis to be ordered

Answer 37

Increasing serum potassium level

Question 38

Contrast media is associated as a cause of acute kidney injury

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What does muddy casts look like

Answer 39

Red blood cells in the urine. Can look brownish