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Med Surg 2 > Acute Kidney Injury > Flashcards

Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of AKI

A

Ischemia

Exposure to mephrotoxins

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2
Q

Other causes of AKI

A

Major surgery
Sepsis
Severe pneumonia

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3
Q

AKI:

A

Rapid decline in renal function, particularly GFR

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4
Q

Categories of AKI

A

Prerenal
Intrinsic/Intrarenal
Postrenal

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5
Q

What is Prerenal:

A

Hypovolemia

Low CO altered vascular resistance

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6
Q

Intrinsic/Intrarenal

A

Glomerular/micro vascular injury
Acute Tubular necrosis
Interstitial nephritis

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7
Q

Postrenal

A

Ureteral/urethral obstruction

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8
Q

What is the most common type of AKI

A

Prerenal

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9
Q

Prerenal results from

A

Results from conditions that affect renal blood flow and perfusion
Trauma
Surgery
Critically ill patients

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10
Q

Is Prerenal AKI irreversible

A

Yes rapidly when blood flow restored and renal parenchyma in damaged

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11
Q

Prerenal can lead to ____ disease if renal ischemia is prolonged

A

Intrarenal

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12
Q

Postrenal AKI:

Can result from any condition that prevents

A

Urine excretion

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13
Q

What is the most common precious thing factor of Postrenal AKI

A

BPH

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14
Q

Other factors of Postrenal AKI

A

Renal Tumors

Urinary Tract Calculi

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15
Q

Intrarenal AKI

Characterized by

A

Acute damage to renal parenchyma and nephrons

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16
Q

Most common cause of intrarenal AKI

A

Acute tubular necrosis

17
Q

AKI related to which population of people

A

Older adults

Critically ill

18
Q

Rick Factors of AKI

A 
Major trauma or surgery
Infection
Hemorrhage
Severe heart failure
Severe liver disease
Lower urinary tract obstruction
Drugs and radiologic contrast media
Older adults
Child with renal insufficiency
19
Q

Diagnostic Tests:

A 
UA w/ specific gravity, proteinuria, presence of RBCs, and cell casts
GFR
Serum Cr, BUN, electrolytes
ABGs
CBC
Renal ultrasound
CT scan 
IV retrograde, pyelography
Renal Biopsy
Rediographic studies
20
Q

Pharmacological Therapy

A 
Low dose dopamine
Loop diuretic
Osmotic diuretics
ACEs
Nephrotoxic drugs
Antacids PPIs H2 Blockers
Reduce serum K levels
Aluminum hydroxide
21
Q

Fluid Management

A

Restrict fluid intake

Monitor fluid balance

22
Q

Nutrition Management

A

Limit protein
Increase carbs
PTN as needed

23
Q

Renal replacement therapy

A

Dialysis
Hemodialysis
CRRT

24
Q

Dialysis:

A

Diffusion of solutes across semipermeable membranes

25
Q

Hemodialysis:

A

Removes electrolytes, waste products, excess water from body via diffusion
Blood pumped from body, returned

26
Q

At risk for

A

Hypovolemia

27
Q

Promptly report fall in urine output ____ in adult

A

30 ml/hr

28
Q

Diagnosis

A 
Excess fluid volume
Less than imbalanced nutrition
Ineffective renal perfusion
Altered skin integrity risk for
Infection risk for
Risk for altered cardiac perfusion
29
Q

AKI: Possible Causes

Severe heart failure 
Hemorrhage
Radiologic contrast media
Major trauma
Cerebrovascular disease
A

Major trauma
Heart failure
Hemorrhage
Radiologic contrast media

30
Q

Conditions that can cause damage to the renal parenchyma and nephrons resulting in AKI

Dehydration
Glomerulonephritis
Hemolysis
HTN
Vasculitis
A

HTN
Hemolysis
Glomerulonephritis
vasculitis

31
Q

Most common causes of AKI

Insufficient blood supply
Fluid overload
Dehydration
Exposure to nephrotoxins
Chemical imbalance
A

Ischemia

Exposure to nephrotoxins

32
Q

Most common precipitating factor for post renal AKI

A

BPH

33
Q

A child is admitted to the hospital with nausea, vomiting, lethargy, oliguria, in the healthcare provider suspects fluid depletion associated with AKI. Which prescribed order should the nurse expect

A

Isotonic saline solution

34
Q

Hyperkalemia associated with acute kidney injury. The nurse should monitor for which manifestation

A

ECG changes

35
Q

Diet for acute kidney injury

A

An increase in carbohydrates

36
Q

What can cause Prerenal AK I

A

Sepsis

37
Q

For which lab value should the nurse suspect hemodialysis to be ordered

A

Increasing serum potassium level

38
Q

Contrast media is associated as a cause of acute kidney injury

A

True

39
Q

What does muddy casts look like

A

Red blood cells in the urine. Can look brownish

Med Surg 2 (22 decks)

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