Renal Calculi

Question 1

Urinary calculi AKA

Answer 1

Kidney stones

Question 2

Urinary calculi are caused by the development of

Answer 2

One or more crystals ranging in size from very small to large enough to fill the renal calyces

Question 3

Lithiasis:

Answer 3

Stone formation

Question 4

Nephrolithiasis

Answer 4

Stone formed in the kidney

Question 5

Urolithiasis

Answer 5

Urinary tract stone formation

Question 6

Stones cause excruciating _____ and extreme ____

Answer 6

Pain and irritation

Question 7

Idiopathic:

Answer 7

Having no demonstrable cause

Question 8

Greatest risk factor of stone formation

Answer 8

Prior personal or family history of urinary calculi

Question 9

Other risk factors

Answer 9

Generic predisposition
Dehydration
Immobility
Excess dietary intake of Ca, oxalate, or proteins

Question 10

What are some repeated infections that also contribute to calculus formation

Answer 10

Gout
Hyperparathyroidism
Urinary stasis

Question 11

Most kidney calculi is composed of

Answer 11

Calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate

Question 12

Utica acid stones develop when

Answer 12

Urine concentration of uric acid is high

Question 13

Struvite calculi are associated with

Answer 13

UTI

Caused by bacteria such as Proteus

Question 14

Prevention:

Answer 14

Adequate fluid intake

Dietary intake

Question 15

Calcium stone are prevent by

Answer 15

Reducing sodium and animal protein intake
Gettin enough calcium from food
Avoiding foods high in oxalate (spinach, nuts, what bran)

Question 16

Thiazides diuretics are used to prevent

Answer 16

Calcium stone

Question 17

Allopurinol is used to prevent

Answer 17

Uric acid stones

Question 18

Antibiotics may help prevent which stones

Answer 18

Struvite stones

Question 19

Uric acid stones can be prevented by

Answer 19

Limiting animal protein intake

Question 20

Renal colic

Answer 20

Acute, severe flank pain on the affected side

Question 21

Gross hematuria is often only a sign of

Answer 21

Bladder stones

Question 22

Calcium phosphate and/or oxalate management

Answer 22

Diet
Increased hydration
Exercise

Question 23

Complications of urinary stones

Answer 23

Obstruction
Hydronephrosis
Infection

Question 24

Hydronephrosis:

Answer 24

Accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis as a result of obstructed outflow

Question 25

Diagnostic Tests

Answer 25

``` UA Chemical analysis of stone Urine Ca, uric acid, and oxalate levels Serum calcium, phosphorus, and uric acid levels A KUB Renal ultrasound CT scan of kidney IVP Cystoscopy ```

Question 26

Lithotripsy

Answer 26

Using sound or shock waves to crush stone, it is preferred treatment for urinary calculi

Question 27

Pyelolithotomy post op priority

Answer 27

Assess the pain level

Question 28

T/F | When you are older, you are not as likely to pass the stone sponateously

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Pharm therapy

Answer 29

Analgesic (narcotic) Hydration Diuretics depending on type

Question 30

Non pharm

Answer 30

Increased water intake of at least 2 L per day Activity Dietary changes

Question 31

Indomethacin

Answer 31

NSAID | Given as a suppository, may reduce the amount of narcotic analgesia required for acute renal colic

Question 32

Diagnosis

Answer 32

``` Acute pain Impaired urinary elimination Deficient knowledge Anxiety Readiness for enhanced nutrition Risk for infection ```

Question 33

Implement

Answer 33

``` Manage pain Monitor urinary output Provide patient teaching Promote Heath and wellness Prepare for discharge ```

Question 34

Crystine

Answer 34

Substance that contributes to stone formation

Question 35

Ureteral stone Assessment finding Microscopic hematuria Renal colic Fever Colicky pain

Answer 35

Renal colic

Question 36

Calcium phosphate kidney stone | Contributing factor

Answer 36

Consumption of goods high in calcium

Question 37

Goods high in purine contribute to the formation of

Answer 37

Uric acid stone

Question 38

T/F | Phosphate binds with calcium to decrease the blood level of calcium

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Manifestations of urinary calculi ``` Immobility Dehydration Excess dietary oxalate Dietary K deficiency Family hx ```

Answer 39

Dehydration Immobility Family hx Excess dietary oxalate

Question 40

Gout | Prevent uric acid stones by teaching

Answer 40

Limit meat intake | This is high in purine

Question 41

History of kidney stones in prego client | Prevention via

Answer 41

Increase fluid intake 2500-3500 mL/ day

Question 42

Emptying the bladder completely prevents

Answer 42

Urinary staid

Question 43

Follow up care for child previously treated for urolithiasis

Answer 43

24- hour urine sample Includes urine calcium and uric acid levels

Question 44

UA is an assessment for a

Answer 44

UTI

Question 45

Exercise promotes

Answer 45

Calcium to move back into the bones

Question 46

Renal colic treatment ``` Increasing fluid intake Increasing dietary fat intake Bed rest Avoiding excess Ca containing goods Admin ordered meds to prevent the formation of future stones ```

Answer 46

Increasing fluid Avoid Ca Admin ordered meds

Question 47

Suspected urinary calculi ``` UA Chest X-Ray Renal ultrasound IVP CT scan of Kidney ```

Answer 47

UA (for hematuria, WBCs, and crystal fragments) Renal ultrasound IVP (visualize the kidneys, bladder, and ureter) CT scan (show calculi and obstruction)

Question 48

Acute hydronephrosis Prescribed clinical therapy IV therapy Oral hydration Thiazides diuretic Calcium binding agents

Answer 48

IV therapy | Thiazides

Question 49

Cloudy urine could be an indication of an

Answer 49

Infection

Question 50

Ureteral stone manifestations

Answer 50

Acute severe flank pain Cool, pale, and clammy skin Assess vS