Exam 6 Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Thalassemia treatment:
A
Blood transfusion
2
Q
Which anemia is associated with macrocyclic and misshapen RBCs w/ thin membranes?
A
Vitamin B 12 deficiency
3
Q
Snape of RBCs with iron deficiency anemia?
A
Misshapen and pale
4
Q
Manifestations of Vit B 12 deficiency?
A
Pallor Jaundice Weakness Beef, smooth red tongue Paresthesias
5
Q
Polycythemia
A
Abnormally high RBC count
6
Q
Who is at high risk for developing vitamin B12 deficiency
A
Strict vegans
7
Q
High risk for aplastic anemia?
A
Farmers with regular exposure to pesticides
8
Q
Bronze colored skin is associated with which type of anemia?
A
Thalassemia
9
Q
Aplastic anemia treatment
A
Stem cell transplant
10
Q
Requires blood transfusion for life is associated with which type of anemia?
A
Thalassemia
11
Q
Ferrous Sulfate:
Dosage
Side effects
Teaching
A
Daily dose of 150-200 mg
Constipation, dark stools, stains teeth
Acidic environment, no milk or antacids, calcium
12
Q
Iv drug name for Iron
A
Iron dextran (INFed)
13
Q
Aplastic anemia clinical therapies:
A
Blood transfusion
Bone marrow transplant
14
Q
Thrombocytopenia:
A
Decreased platelet count, less than 100000
Danger of spontaneous hemorrhage
15
Q
Leukemia:
A
Chronic malignant disorders of WBCs
Decreased WBC count
16
Q
Thalassemia clinical therapies:
A
Regular blood transfusions
Folic acid supplementation
Possible splenectomy
Genetic counseling
17
Q
Sickle cell crisis clinical therapies:
A
Rest Oxygen Narcotic analgesia Hydration Treatment of precipitating factors
18
Q
Priority for anemia:
A
Adequate tissue oxygenation
19
Q
Thrombocytosis:
A
Danger of excessive clotting
20
Q
Neutropenic:
A
Neutrophils less than 1000?
Immature WBCs
21
Q
Leukopenia:
A
WBC count less than 4000
22
Q
G-6PD caused by:
A
Hereditary defect in RBC metabolism
23
Q
What occurs in aplastic anemia?
A
Bone marrow fails to produce all 3 types of blood cells
Pancytopenia
24
Q
Pancytopenia:
A
Decrease in all three (WBC count, RBC count, and platelets)
25
What causes aplastic anemia?
Most cases are unknown
Toxins
Radiation
Infection
26
G6PD affects which gender more often?
Men due to being located on the X chromosome
27
What can trigger G6PD?
Stressors
28
Hemolytic Anemia is characterized by?
Premature destruction (lysis) of RBCs
29
Folic Acid deficiency anemia manifestation
Pallor
Progressive weakness and fatigue
SON, palpitations
Glossitis, cheilosis, diarrhea
30
Folic Acid Deficiency is common in who:
Older adults
Patients with TPN
Alcohol or drug addicts
31
Where is Vitamin B12 absorbed
Ileum
32
Dietary deficiency of Vit B12 commonly occur among who?
Strict vegans
33
Pernicious anemia is the lack of what?
Lack of the intrinsic factor
34
Vit B12 is found in what types of food:
Those derived from animals
35
Cheilosis:
Cracks on the lips and at the corners of the mouth
36
Chronic iron deficiency can lead to:
Brittle, spoon shaped nails
Cheilosis
Smooth sore tongue
Pica
37
Erythopoiesis means:
RBC development (in bone marrow)
38
Hypochromic:
RBCs are pale
39
Micro trim:
Small RBCs
40
Microcytic RBCs associated with:
Thalassemia
| Iron def. anemia
41
Macrocyclic RBCs are associated with:
Vit B12 or folate def.
Liver disease
Chemo
42
Hypochromic:
Pale RBCs
43
Seizures:
Periods of abnormal electrical discharges in the brain that may cause involuntary movement and or behavior and sensory alterations
44
Epilepsy:
When seizure activity becomes chronic with recurrent episodes secondary to a CNS disorder
45
Focal seizures:
When abnormal electrical activity is contained to a limited/specific area of the brain
Normally one side of the brain
46
Focal seizures (AKA)
Partial seizures
47
Types of focal seizures
Focal aware
| Focal impaired
48
Focal aware seizures:
Do not affect memory or awareness
49
Focal impaired seizures:
Can affect behavior, awareness, or memory before, during, or after the seizure episode
50
Generalized seizures:
Both hemispheres of the brain
51
Focal seizures can sometimes turn into ____ seizures
Generalized
52
Generalized seizures may also manifest as what:
Blank stares
Brief muscle twitches
Muscle stiffening
53
Clinic phase:
Alternating muscle contraction and relaxation
54
Postictal period:
Following the seizure activity
55
Aura:
Early sign of seizure
56
Diagnostic test of seizures
```
CBC
Blood chemistry
Urine culture
Lumbar puncture
Serum drug level
EEG
Lead level
Toxicology screening
CT
MRI
Angiography
```
57
Intractable seizures:
Those that cannot be controlled
58
Status Epilepticus:
Continuous seizure that last for more than 30 minutes or a seizure during which time of consciousness is not regained
59
What can be admin. To prevent hypoglycemia:
50% dextrose
60
What can be admin to stop seizure activity
Diazepam
| Lorazepam
61
What medication is admin IV for longer term control of seizures
Phenytoin
62
Nursing diagnosis for seizures
```
Breathing pattern
Raise for trauma
Chronic low self esteem
Impaired verbal communication
Acute confusion
```
63
Implementation for seizures:
Provide patient safety
Maintain the airway
Support home management
64
Risk factors for SCD:
Genetics
| African Americans
65
SCD needs inheritance of which two genes
Two Hbs
66
Priapism:
Painful, prolonged penile erection
67
SCD: hot or cold compresses
Neither
68
Sickle cell crisis AKA
Vaso-occlusive crisis
69
Sickle cell crisis:
Term used to describe the painful periods resulting from ischemia due to vascular occlusion
70
Most common type of SCD:
Sickle cell anemia
71
Suckling:
RBCs that are crescent or sickle shaped
72
Diagnostic Tests for SCD:
```
Newborn screening
Heel sticks
Amniocentesis
Venous blood sample
Ultrasound scanning of head
```
73
Surgery for SCD:
Bone marrow transplant
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Blood transfusion
Splenectomy
74
Hydroxyurea:
Decreased production of abnormal blood cells and leads to less amounts of pain being experienced
75
Hemosiderosis:
Iron stored in tissues and organs
76
Implementation for SCD:
```
Oxygenation
Circulation
Fluid volume balance
Manage pain
Manage and prevent infection
Risk for caregiver role strain
```
77
SCD:
| Pain is due to
Vascular occlusion by RBCs
78
SCD
| Risk for infection due to
Impaired circulation
79
SCD
| Impaired circulation due to
Impaired flow of suckled RBCs
80
SCD:
| Many children undergo:
Splenectomy
| This compromises immunity: risk for infection
81
Early destruction of RBCs can lead to ____
Anemia
82
Hydroxyuera side effects:
Bone marrow suppression, headaches, dizziness, and n+v
83
Complication of multiple blood transfusions:
An overload of iron in the body
84
Deferoxamine:
Treats iron overload due to multiple blood transfusion
85
Splenic sequestration:
| Life threatening
Yes can cause death within hours
86
Splenic sequestration:
| Manifestations
Shock
Hypovolemia
Profound anemia
87
Ketogenic diet for seizures:
High fat, low carb, adequate protein
88
Most common type of seizure:
Tonic clinic
89
Tonic clonic:
Body stiffens
Cry out
Relaxation then spasm
Lose consciousness
90
Absence:
```
Most common in peds
Daydreaming
Goes unnoticed
Won’t respond to you
Very very shot...seconds long
Won’t remember it
```
91
What is the hallmark of absence seizures
Daydreaming
92
How long do tonic clonic seizures last:
1-3 mins
93
Which seizures can go unnoticed
Absence
94
Focal onset aware: (simple partial)
```
Patient aware
Auras
Short less than 2 mins
Conscious
Recurrent muscle contractions
```
95
Focal Impaired Awareness:
Unaware
Automations
Temporal lobe location is the most common
96
Automatism:
Lip smacking, aimless walking, or picking and clothing (unaware while doing this)
97
Atonic:
W/o muscle tone
Great risk for head injury
Wear a helmet
Not aware during the event
98
Atonic is at great risk for:
Head injury due to no muscle tone
99
Medication for status epilepticus:
Diazepam or lorazepam
100
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
| Assess what
Gums for bleeding and increase visits to the dentist
Increase Vit D intake
Can cause gingival hyperplasia
101
Hyperhemolytic:
Increase death of RBCs
102
What is often the cause of a crisis:
Hypoxia
103
Neurtrophenia
```
WBC is decreased
High risk for infection
Reverse isolation
Carefully monitor temp
Restrict ill visitors
No plants or flowers
Dedicated equipment for the patient only
```
104
Patient teaching for neutropenia
```
Report temp above 100
Above crowds and sick people
No raw foods
Avoid yard work or gardening
Wash dishes in hot water
Wash toothbrush in bleach or hot water
```
105
Anemia
Decreased RBC counts
106
Medication of Anemia
Ferrous sulfate
107
Educate
Intake of B12 and iron
| Rest periods
108
Thrombocytopenia
Decreased platelet count
High risk for bleeding
Monitor for blood
Avoid IV injection
Hold prolonged pressure on area
109
Teaching for thrombocytopenia
```
Soft toothbrush
Avoid blowing nose
Avoid NSAIDs
Electric razors
Implement safety precautions
```
