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Med Surg 2 > Exam 6 > Flashcards

Exam 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Thalassemia treatment:

A

Blood transfusion

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2
Q

Which anemia is associated with macrocyclic and misshapen RBCs w/ thin membranes?

A

Vitamin B 12 deficiency

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3
Q

Snape of RBCs with iron deficiency anemia?

A

Misshapen and pale

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4
Q

Manifestations of Vit B 12 deficiency?

A 
Pallor
Jaundice
Weakness
Beef, smooth red tongue
Paresthesias
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5
Q

Polycythemia

A

Abnormally high RBC count

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6
Q

Who is at high risk for developing vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Strict vegans

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7
Q

High risk for aplastic anemia?

A

Farmers with regular exposure to pesticides

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8
Q

Bronze colored skin is associated with which type of anemia?

A

Thalassemia

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9
Q

Aplastic anemia treatment

A

Stem cell transplant

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10
Q

Requires blood transfusion for life is associated with which type of anemia?

A

Thalassemia

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11
Q

Ferrous Sulfate:
Dosage
Side effects
Teaching

A

Daily dose of 150-200 mg
Constipation, dark stools, stains teeth
Acidic environment, no milk or antacids, calcium

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12
Q

Iv drug name for Iron

A

Iron dextran (INFed)

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13
Q

Aplastic anemia clinical therapies:

A

Blood transfusion

Bone marrow transplant

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14
Q

Thrombocytopenia:

A

Decreased platelet count, less than 100000

Danger of spontaneous hemorrhage

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15
Q

Leukemia:

A

Chronic malignant disorders of WBCs

Decreased WBC count

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16
Q

Thalassemia clinical therapies:

A

Regular blood transfusions
Folic acid supplementation
Possible splenectomy
Genetic counseling

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17
Q

Sickle cell crisis clinical therapies:

A 
Rest 
Oxygen
Narcotic analgesia
Hydration
Treatment of precipitating factors
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18
Q

Priority for anemia:

A

Adequate tissue oxygenation

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19
Q

Thrombocytosis:

A

Danger of excessive clotting

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20
Q

Neutropenic:

A

Neutrophils less than 1000?

Immature WBCs

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21
Q

Leukopenia:

A

WBC count less than 4000

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22
Q

G-6PD caused by:

A

Hereditary defect in RBC metabolism

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23
Q

What occurs in aplastic anemia?

A

Bone marrow fails to produce all 3 types of blood cells

Pancytopenia

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24
Q

Pancytopenia:

A

Decrease in all three (WBC count, RBC count, and platelets)

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25
Q

What causes aplastic anemia?

A

Most cases are unknown
Toxins
Radiation
Infection

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26
Q

G6PD affects which gender more often?

A

Men due to being located on the X chromosome

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27
Q

What can trigger G6PD?

A

Stressors

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28
Q

Hemolytic Anemia is characterized by?

A

Premature destruction (lysis) of RBCs

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29
Q

Folic Acid deficiency anemia manifestation

A

Pallor
Progressive weakness and fatigue
SON, palpitations
Glossitis, cheilosis, diarrhea

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30
Q

Folic Acid Deficiency is common in who:

A

Older adults
Patients with TPN
Alcohol or drug addicts

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31
Q

Where is Vitamin B12 absorbed

A

Ileum

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32
Q

Dietary deficiency of Vit B12 commonly occur among who?

A

Strict vegans

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33
Q

Pernicious anemia is the lack of what?

A

Lack of the intrinsic factor

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34
Q

Vit B12 is found in what types of food:

A

Those derived from animals

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35
Q

Cheilosis:

A

Cracks on the lips and at the corners of the mouth

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36
Q

Chronic iron deficiency can lead to:

A

Brittle, spoon shaped nails
Cheilosis
Smooth sore tongue
Pica

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37
Q

Erythopoiesis means:

A

RBC development (in bone marrow)

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38
Q

Hypochromic:

A

RBCs are pale

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39
Q

Micro trim:

A

Small RBCs

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40
Q

Microcytic RBCs associated with:

A

Thalassemia

Iron def. anemia

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41
Q

Macrocyclic RBCs are associated with:

A

Vit B12 or folate def.
Liver disease
Chemo

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42
Q

Hypochromic:

A

Pale RBCs

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43
Q

Seizures:

A

Periods of abnormal electrical discharges in the brain that may cause involuntary movement and or behavior and sensory alterations

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44
Q

Epilepsy:

A

When seizure activity becomes chronic with recurrent episodes secondary to a CNS disorder

45
Q

Focal seizures:

A

When abnormal electrical activity is contained to a limited/specific area of the brain
Normally one side of the brain

46
Q

Focal seizures (AKA)

A

Partial seizures

47
Q

Types of focal seizures

A

Focal aware

Focal impaired

48
Q

Focal aware seizures:

A

Do not affect memory or awareness

49
Q

Focal impaired seizures:

A

Can affect behavior, awareness, or memory before, during, or after the seizure episode

50
Q

Generalized seizures:

A

Both hemispheres of the brain

51
Q

Focal seizures can sometimes turn into ____ seizures

A

Generalized

52
Q

Generalized seizures may also manifest as what:

A

Blank stares
Brief muscle twitches
Muscle stiffening

53
Q

Clinic phase:

A

Alternating muscle contraction and relaxation

54
Q

Postictal period:

A

Following the seizure activity

55
Q

Aura:

A

Early sign of seizure

56
Q

Diagnostic test of seizures

A 
CBC 
Blood chemistry
Urine culture
Lumbar puncture
Serum drug level
EEG
Lead level
Toxicology screening
CT
MRI
Angiography
57
Q

Intractable seizures:

A

Those that cannot be controlled

58
Q

Status Epilepticus:

A

Continuous seizure that last for more than 30 minutes or a seizure during which time of consciousness is not regained

59
Q

What can be admin. To prevent hypoglycemia:

A

50% dextrose

60
Q

What can be admin to stop seizure activity

A

Diazepam

Lorazepam

61
Q

What medication is admin IV for longer term control of seizures

A

Phenytoin

62
Q

Nursing diagnosis for seizures

A 
Breathing pattern
Raise for trauma
Chronic low self esteem
Impaired verbal communication 
Acute confusion
63
Q

Implementation for seizures:

A

Provide patient safety
Maintain the airway
Support home management

64
Q

Risk factors for SCD:

A

Genetics

African Americans

65
Q

SCD needs inheritance of which two genes

A

Two Hbs

66
Q

Priapism:

A

Painful, prolonged penile erection

67
Q

SCD: hot or cold compresses

A

Neither

68
Q

Sickle cell crisis AKA

A

Vaso-occlusive crisis

69
Q

Sickle cell crisis:

A

Term used to describe the painful periods resulting from ischemia due to vascular occlusion

70
Q

Most common type of SCD:

A

Sickle cell anemia

71
Q

Suckling:

A

RBCs that are crescent or sickle shaped

72
Q

Diagnostic Tests for SCD:

A 
Newborn screening
Heel sticks
Amniocentesis
Venous blood sample
Ultrasound scanning of head
73
Q

Surgery for SCD:

A

Bone marrow transplant
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Blood transfusion
Splenectomy

74
Q

Hydroxyurea:

A

Decreased production of abnormal blood cells and leads to less amounts of pain being experienced

75
Q

Hemosiderosis:

A

Iron stored in tissues and organs

76
Q

Implementation for SCD:

A 
Oxygenation
Circulation
Fluid volume balance
Manage pain
Manage and prevent infection
Risk for caregiver role strain
77
Q

SCD:

Pain is due to

A

Vascular occlusion by RBCs

78
Q

SCD

Risk for infection due to

A

Impaired circulation

79
Q

SCD

Impaired circulation due to

A

Impaired flow of suckled RBCs

80
Q

SCD:

Many children undergo:

A

Splenectomy

This compromises immunity: risk for infection

81
Q

Early destruction of RBCs can lead to ____

A

Anemia

82
Q

Hydroxyuera side effects:

A

Bone marrow suppression, headaches, dizziness, and n+v

83
Q

Complication of multiple blood transfusions:

A

An overload of iron in the body

84
Q

Deferoxamine:

A

Treats iron overload due to multiple blood transfusion

85
Q

Splenic sequestration:

Life threatening

A

Yes can cause death within hours

86
Q

Splenic sequestration:

Manifestations

A

Shock
Hypovolemia
Profound anemia

87
Q

Ketogenic diet for seizures:

A

High fat, low carb, adequate protein

88
Q

Most common type of seizure:

A

Tonic clinic

89
Q

Tonic clonic:

A

Body stiffens
Cry out
Relaxation then spasm
Lose consciousness

90
Q

Absence:

A 
Most common in peds
Daydreaming
Goes unnoticed
Won’t respond to you
Very very shot...seconds long
Won’t remember it
91
Q

What is the hallmark of absence seizures

A

Daydreaming

92
Q

How long do tonic clonic seizures last:

A

1-3 mins

93
Q

Which seizures can go unnoticed

A

Absence

94
Q

Focal onset aware: (simple partial)

A 
Patient aware
Auras
Short less than 2 mins
Conscious
Recurrent muscle contractions
95
Q

Focal Impaired Awareness:

A

Unaware
Automations
Temporal lobe location is the most common

96
Q

Automatism:

A

Lip smacking, aimless walking, or picking and clothing (unaware while doing this)

97
Q

Atonic:

A

W/o muscle tone
Great risk for head injury
Wear a helmet
Not aware during the event

98
Q

Atonic is at great risk for:

A

Head injury due to no muscle tone

99
Q

Medication for status epilepticus:

A

Diazepam or lorazepam

100
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Assess what

A

Gums for bleeding and increase visits to the dentist
Increase Vit D intake
Can cause gingival hyperplasia

101
Q

Hyperhemolytic:

A

Increase death of RBCs

102
Q

What is often the cause of a crisis:

A

Hypoxia

103
Q

Neurtrophenia

A 
WBC is decreased
High risk for infection
Reverse isolation
Carefully monitor temp
Restrict ill visitors
No plants or flowers
Dedicated equipment for the patient only
104
Q

Patient teaching for neutropenia

A 
Report temp above 100
Above crowds and sick people
No raw foods
Avoid yard work or gardening
Wash dishes in hot water
Wash toothbrush in bleach or hot water
105
Q

Anemia

A

Decreased RBC counts

106
Q

Medication of Anemia

A

Ferrous sulfate

107
Q

Educate

A

Intake of B12 and iron

Rest periods

108
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Decreased platelet count
High risk for bleeding

Monitor for blood
Avoid IV injection
Hold prolonged pressure on area

109
Q

Teaching for thrombocytopenia

A 
Soft toothbrush
Avoid blowing nose
Avoid NSAIDs
Electric razors
Implement safety precautions

Med Surg 2 (22 decks)

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