Adaptations to Energy Pathways

Question 1

What are the 2 primary determinants of energy supply?

Answer 1

1. Intensity.
2. Duration.

Question 2

Describe ‘Intensity’ as a determinant of energy supply.

Answer 2

• Tells you the instantaneous rate of energy supplied.
• Tells us what energy systems are preferential to that activity.

Question 3

Describe ‘Duration’ as a determinant of energy supply.

Answer 3

• The length of time energy is supplied for.
• The longer an activity we will get substrate depletion in certain systems.
• The body can utilise fats rather than glucose for energy production.

Question 4

List 6 other influential factors to energy supply.

Answer 4

• Training status.
• Diet.
• Sex.
• Age.
• Environment.

Question 5

What are 3 adaptations to the ATP-PC system after injury, training can lead to?

Answer 5

• Increases intramuscular stores of phosphate creatine.
• Increase Myokinase activity.
• Increase Creatine kinase.

Question 6

What do adaptations to the ATP-PC system lead to?

Answer 6

• Greater potential for an increased rate of ATP replenishment.
• Less lactate production and a lesser fall in pH.

Question 7

What is the function of the myokinase enzyme?

Answer 7

Helps to restore ATP in the cells.

Question 8

What is the function of the creatine kinase enzyme?

Answer 8

A catalyst for phosphate creatine to give up a phosphate ion to make ATP.

Question 9

What are 2 adaptations to the Glycolysis system after injury, training can lead to?

Answer 9

1. Increased glycogen storage capacity.
2. Increased oxidation capacity - This reduces lactic acid production + reduced reduction in pH.

Question 10

What do these adaptations to the glycolysis system lead to?

Answer 10

• Delayed fatigue.
• Increased endurance.

Question 11

What are 4 adaptations to Aerobic power after injury, endurance training can lead to?

Answer 11

1. Increased capacity+ rate to replenish ATP aerobically.
2. Increased ability to mobilize fat from tissue to be utilized in lipolytic pathways.
3. Increased number + size of mitochondria.
4. Increased activity of mitochondrial enzymes.

Question 12

What do these adaptations to Aerobic power lead to?

Answer 12

• Increases the efficiency of trained muscles to aerobically catalyse fat and carbohydrates.
• Fat has an unlimited supply of energy.
• Enhances glycogen sparing.