Neurons + Neurotransmitters Flashcards
1
Q
What are neurons?
A
- Are nerve cells.
- Sense change in the environment.
- Communicate changes to other neruons.
- Control the body’s responses to these sensations.
2
Q
What are neuroglia?
A
Are glial cells.
3
Q
What are the functions of neuroglia?
A
- Insulate.
- Support.
- Nourish.
- Provide immunity.
4
Q
What substructures make up a neuron?
A
- Dendrites.
- Cell body.
- Axon.
- Myelin sheath.
- Synapse.
5
Q
What are dendrites?
A
Receive information.
6
Q
What is the cell body?
A
Process infomation.
7
Q
What is the axon?
A
Communicates infomation.
8
Q
What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?
A
Increases conduction velocity.
9
Q
What is a synapse?
A
A connection between 2 neurons.
10
Q
What factors influence the velocity of conduction in neurons?
A
- Whether they’re myelinated or unmyelinated.
- Large or small in diameter.
11
Q
How can conduction velocity be increased?
A
If neurons are -
- Myelinated.
- Have a large diameter.
12
Q
How can conduction velocity be decreased?
A
If neurons are -
- Unmyelinated,
- Have a small diameter.
13
Q
What substructures does a synapse consist of?
A
- Presynaptic neuron.
- Synaptic vesicles.
- Synaptic cleft.
- Neurotransmitters.
- Postsynaptic neuron.
- Postsynaptic receptors.
14
Q
What are neurotransmitters?
A
- Proteins.
- Neural signalling molecules.
15
Q
How can a neurotransmitter influence a neuron in 3 ways?
A
- Excitory.
- Inhibitory.
- Modulatory.
