The heart

Question 1

How many chambers are there in the heart?

Answer 1

4.

Question 2

What are the chambers of the heart?

Answer 2

• Right atrium.
• Right ventricle.
• Left atrium.
• Left ventricle.

Question 3

What makes up the right pump?

Answer 3

• Right atrium.
• Right ventricle.

Question 4

What makes up the left pump?

Answer 4

• Left atrium.
• Left ventricle.

Question 5

What is the interventricular septum?

Answer 5

• A muscular wall.
• Separates the right and left sides of the heart.
• Prevents blood from both sides mixing.

Question 6

What prevents the backflow of blood within the heart?

Answer 6

Four one-way valves.

Question 7

What are the four one-way valves within the heart?

Answer 7

• 2 atrioventricular valves.
• 2 semilunar valves.

Question 8

What are the 2 different atrioventricular valves?

Answer 8

• Tricuspid valve.
• Mitral valve.

Question 9

What are the 2 different semilunar valves?

Answer 9

• Pulmonary semilunar valve.
• Aortic semilunar valve.

Question 10

What does the tricuspid valve do?

Answer 10

Prevents the backflow of blood between the right atrium + right ventricle.

Question 11

What does the mitral valve do?

Answer 11

Prevents the backflow of blood between the left atrium + left ventricle.

Question 12

What does the pulmonary semilunar valve do?

Answer 12

Prevents the backflow of blood into the right ventricle.

Question 13

What does the aortic semilunar valve do?

Answer 13

Prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle.

Question 14

What are the 3 layers of tissue that make up the heart?

Answer 14

• Epicardium.
• Myocardium.
• Endocardium.

Question 15

Describe the characteristics of the epicardium layer of the heart.

Answer 15

• Serous membrane.
• Includes blood + lymph capillaeries.
• As well as nerve fibres.

Question 16

What is the function of the epicardium layer of the heart?

Answer 16

Serves as a lubricative outer covering.

Question 17

Describe the characteristics of the myocardium layer of the heart?

Answer 17

• Cardiac muscle tissue.
• Separated by connective tissue.
• • Includes blood + lymph capillaeries.
• As well as nerve fibres.

Question 18

What is the function of the myocardium layer of the heart?

Answer 18

Provides muscular contractions that eject blood from the heart chambers.

Question 19

Describe the characteristics of the endocardium layer of the heart.

Answer 19

• Endothelial tissue.
• Thick subendothelial layer of elastic + collagenous fibres.

Question 20

What is the function of the endocardium layer of the heart?

Answer 20

Serves as a protective inner lining of the chambers + valves.

Question 21

With regard to cellular junctions, what is the function of intercalated discs within the heart muscle?

Answer 21

• Coordinating the contraction of cardiac muscle.
• Ensuring the rapid transmission of action potentials.

Question 22

What are the calcium sources for the heart to function?

Answer 22

• Sarcoplasmic reticulum.
• Extracellular space.

Question 23

Describe why the extracurricular space is considered a calcium source for the heart.

Answer 23

• Supports the need for high contractility.
• To work as a pump moving blood between the pulmonary + systemic circuits.