Hypertrophy Flashcards
1
Q
What will Hypertrophy lead to?
A
- Contractile elements + ECM will expand.
- To support muscle fibre growth.
2
Q
What does Hypertrophy involve?
A
- An increase in sarcomeres parallel to each other.
- An increase in sarcomeres in series to each other.
3
Q
What must occur in terms of metabolic reactions for hypertrophy to occur effectively?
A
- The rate of anabolic metabolism must outpace catabolic metabolism.
- This allows for effective recovery + hypertrophy.
4
Q
What is Hyperplasia?
A
- An increase in the number of cells created.
5
Q
What is the ‘mechanocoupling’ phase? (Stage 1 of Hypertrophy)
A
- A load will cause a physical perturbation to tissue.
- The forces mechanically stress and deform the cells that make up the tissue.
- Resulting in a response within the cells.
6
Q
What is the ‘cell-to-cell communication’ phase? (Stage 2 of Hypertrophy)
A
- Neighbouring cells communicate information about the mechanical stimulus encountered by the tissue.
- Intercellular communication occurs between cells even if they have not directly experienced the force.
7
Q
What is the ‘effector cell response’ phase? (Stage 3 of Hypertrophy)
A
- Effector cells respond by up-regulating protein synthesis to drive adaptation.
- The nuclues will receive tugging and chemical messenger signals.
- The nuclues will become engaged.
- mRNA is transcribed and translated in the endoplasmic reticulum.
- A protein product will be excreted and incorporated into the extracellular matrix.
8
Q
What are 2 contributing factors to hypertrophy?
A
- Increase in myofibrillar protein secretion leading to an increase in cell size.
- Sarcoplasm expansion which leads to more myofibril, glycogen + larger organelles.
9
Q
What are satellite cells?
A
- When load is applied these cells will donate nuclei to the muscle fibre.
- Allows muscle fibre to grow more protein.
- Leading to muscular hypertrophy.
10
Q
Where are satellite cells located?
A
- Between the sarcolemma + Basal lamina.
