Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

RAG gene

Answer 1

Allows recomb of gene segments that encode antigen receptors

Question 2

Acquired immunity characterized by

Answer 2

Clonal distribution and selection and acquisiton of memory

Question 3

Vaccine strategy

Answer 3

First injection is primer and second is booster

Question 4

HUmoral immunity

Answer 4

B cells secrete antibody

Question 5

Cell mediated immunity

Answer 5

TCR either by direct contact or secretion of cytokines

Question 6

Innate vs. adaptive

Answer 6

Adaptive longer, variable, selective and improves

Question 7

If pathogen changes,

Answer 7

BCR and TCR will probably be able to adapt to the response

Question 8

Initial response takes about

Answer 8

7 days

Question 9

Class 2 function

Answer 9

Initiate response

Question 10

Class 1 function

Answer 10

Distinguish from normal cell

Question 11

MHC 1 genetic

Answer 11

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C (chromosome 6) - codes for heavy chain
Beta 2 microglobulin gene on 15
Co-dominant expression (express 6 different class 1 molecules)
Lots of polymorphisms in population
Each allele binds a different spectrum of peptides

Question 12

MHC class 2 genetic

Answer 12

HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, DHL-DP - codes for 2 distinct protein chains
Co-dominant
Up to 16 different
Polymorphic
Each binds different spectrum of peptides

Question 13

Which class is more important in transplants

Answer 13

MHC 2

Question 14

Viral infections may reduce expression of which genes of MHC

Answer 14

HLA-A and HLA-B

Question 15

Professional APCs express

Answer 15

Both MHC 1 and 2

Question 16

MHC class 1 expression

Answer 16

From intracellular pathogens (viruses)
Target of CD8 cells
On all cells

Question 17

MHC class 2 expression

Answer 17

From extracellular pathogens
Target of CD4 cells
Present Ag to CD4s
Only on professional APCs

Question 18

Gamma interferon can upregulate

Answer 18

Class 1 MHCs

Question 19

Most individuals makeup of MHCs

Answer 19

Most are heterozygous because so many polymorphisms

Question 20

MHC Class 1 structure

Answer 20

Alpha 1,2, and 3
B2-microglobulin there for stabilization

Alpha 1 and 2 have peptide binding groove
Alpha 3 inserted into membrane

Question 21

MHC class 2 structure

Answer 21

No B2m

Has a Beta and alpha chain

b1 and a1 have peptide binding groove

Question 22

Size of peptides MHC 1 vs 2

Answer 22

1 - small (8-9)

2 - large (18-23)

Question 23

How do so few MHCs bind so many different antigens

Answer 23

Promiscuous binding specificity

There are a few anchor residues in each peptide…these are consistent throughout many peptides and are what allows binding to MHCs

Question 24

Every T cell is

Answer 24

CD3 positive

Question 25

Only let out TCRs that bind

Answer 25

MHC 1 and 2 but not too strongly

Question 26

Most TCRs made of

Answer 26

Alpha and gamma subunits

Question 27

Purpose of CD3

Answer 27

Signaling

Question 28

Variability of TCRs found in

Answer 28

alpha chain

Question 29

Ultimate signal translocation of many T-cells

Answer 29

IL-2 production to increase proliferation

Question 30

Other type of TCRs

Answer 30

gamma delta in gut mucosa

Question 31

TCR chromosomes

Answer 31

alpha and beta - 14 | gamma - 7

Question 32

What allows you to make so many different TCRs

Answer 32

Rag gene

Question 33

MHC restriction is

Answer 33

Between TCR and peptide and MHC molecule Can only bind on MHC and one peptide

Question 34

Antigen processing

Answer 34

Intracellular degradation of antigens which are then bound to MHCs

Question 35

Antigen presentation

Answer 35

Placement of antigenic peptide on the surface of APC to that it can be presented to TCR on T cell

Question 36

Mechanism of antigen processing depends on

Answer 36

Location of infection AND type of APC

Question 37

Class 1 synthesis

Answer 37

Protein antigen in cell, run through proteosome and degraded, passed to ER through TAP, becomes attached to MHC 1 and moves to membrane

Question 38

Class 1 derived from

Answer 38

Cytoplasmic sources of antigen (intracellular)

Question 39

Class 2 synthesis

Answer 39

Macrophage engulfs...MHC 2 and peptides fuse in vesicles and move to membrane

Question 40

Antigen processing by B cells

Answer 40

Cell surface Ig binds to bacteria...engulfed and degraded...vesicles of MHC2 and peptides fuse and move to cell surface

Question 41

CD8 and CD4 purpose

Answer 41

Make sure that T cell subsets bind to proper class of MHC