Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
1
Q
epitope
A
- the part of the antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself
2
Q
time period of adaptive immunity
A
- slower than innate
3
Q
potency of adaptive immunity
A
- more potent against infections than innate
4
Q
what does adaptive immunity require in response to pathogens before it can provide effective defense?
A
- expansion and differentiation of lymphocytes
5
Q
recognition mechanisms of innate immunity
A
- rapid response
- fixed
- limited number of specificities
- constant during response
6
Q
recognition mechanisms of adaptive immunity
A
- slow response
- variable
- highly selective specificities
- improve during response
7
Q
mature B cells called
A
- plasma cells
8
Q
plasma cells secrete
A
- antibody
9
Q
mature T cells called
A
- effector cells
10
Q
roles of effector T cells
A
- helper cells
- directly kill infected cells
11
Q
humoral immunity mediated by
A
- antibodies (B lymphocyte)
12
Q
humoral immunity main mechanism for
A
- defending against extracellular pathogens
- block infections
13
Q
cell-mediated immunity mediated by
A
- t lymphocytes
14
Q
cell-mediated immunity best for
A
- eliminate microbes that survive within phagocytes
- eliminate microbes that infected cytosol of non-phagocytic cells
- kill infected cells and eliminate reservoirs of infection
15
Q
function of adaptive immune system
A
- recognition of “non self” antigens in presence of “self”
- full elimination of pathogens or pathogen infected cells
- development of immunological memory to be reactivated if subsequent infections occur
16
Q
B lymphocyte function
A
- secrete antibody
- neutralize microbe
- phagocytosis
- activate complement
17
Q
helper T lymphocyte function
A
- antigen presented by APC
- release cytokines
- activation of macrophages
- inflammation
- activation of T and B lymphocytes
18
Q
CTL function
A
- infected cell expresses antigen
- killing of infected cell
19
Q
regulatory T lymphocyte function
A
- suppression of immune response
20
Q
development of all immune cells starts where
A
- bone marrow
21
Q
after naive lymphocytes have recognized foreign antigens to initiative the adaptive response, what do they need next
A
- signals to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells
22
Q
effector cells of CD4 lineage produce
A
- cytokines
23
Q
effector cells of CD8 lineage are
A
- cytotoxic T lymphocytes
24
Q
migration of: T
- naive cell
- activated of effector lymphocyte
- memory lymphocyte
A
- peripheral lymph node
- inflamed tissues
- lymph node and inflamed tissues
25
responsiveness to particular antigen of: T
- naive cell
- activated of effector lymphocyte
- memory lymphocyte
- very low
- high
- low
26
effector functions of: T
- naive cell
- activated of effector lymphocyte
- memory lymphocyte
- none
- secrete cytokines/CTLs
- none
27
membrane immunoglobulin isotope of: B
- naive cell
- activated of effector lymphocyte
- memory lymphocyte
- IgM and IgD
- IgG, IgA, IgE
- IgG, IgA, IgE
28
affinity of Ig produced by: B
- naive cell
- activated of effector lymphocyte
- memory lymphocyte
- low
- increases during response
- high
29
effector function of: B
- naive cell
- activated of effector lymphocyte
- memory lymphocyte
- none
- antibody secretion
- none
30
antibodies are expressed how
- membrane receptors
| - secreted proteins
31
T cell antigen receptor expressed how
- only membrane receptors
32
What comprises the BCR or TCR
- antigen receptors
| - attached signaling proteins
33
antigens recognized by BCR
- macromolecules
- proteins
- polysaccharides
- lipids
- nucleic acids
34
antigens recognized by TCR
- peptides by MHC on antigen presenting cells
35
diversity of BCR
10^9
36
diversity of TCR
10^11
37
antigen recognition of BCR mediated by
- variable regions of heavy and light chains on membrane IgG
38
antigen recognition of TCR mediated by
- variable regions of alpha and beta chains on TCR
39
signaling functions of BCR mediated by
- proteins on membrane Ig
40
signaling function of TCR mediated by
- proteins on membrane TCR
41
effector function of BCR mediated by
- constant region
42
effector function of TCR mediated by
- no effector function mediated
43
serum concentration levels of antibodies
IgG > IgA > IgM > IgE > IgD
GAMED
44
form of IgA
- dimer
45
form of IgM
- pentamer
46
form of IgG/E/D
- monomer
47
```
half life of:
G
A
M
E
D
```
- 23
- 6
- 5
- 3
- 2
48
function of IgG
- microbe/toxin neutralization
- opsonization
- activation of complement
- antibody dependent NK cytotoxicity
- neonatal immunity
49
function of IgM
- activation of complement
50
function of IgA
- mucosal immunity
51
function of IgE
- helminth defense
| - mast cell degranulation (allergies)
52
function of IgD
- naive B cell antigen receptor
53
MHC I found where
- on all healthy cells
54
MHC II found where
- on antigen presenting cells
- dendritic cells
- macrophages
- B cells
55
MHC I displays antigen from where
- within cytoplasm
56
MHC II displays antigen from where
- from within vesicles generally already phagocytosed
57
MHC I recognized by
- CD8
58
MHC II recognized by
- CD4
59
examples of CD4 effector cells
- TH1
| - TH17
60
result of TH1 cytokine secretion
- macrophage activation
| - killing of ingested microbes
61
result of TH17 cytokine secretion
- inflammation
| - killing of microbe
