Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ENT SM > Adenotonsillar Disease and Otitis Media with Effusion > Flashcards

Adenotonsillar Disease and Otitis Media with Effusion Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Where does the tonsillar fossa and palatine tonsils develop from

A

The 1st pharyngeal pouch and the 2 pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the main function of the tonsils

A

To trap bacteria and viruses on inhalation

Help to prime immune system and prevent subsequent infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

At what age is significant adenotonsilar enlargement unusual?

A

under 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What structures make up Waldeyer’s ring

A

Tonsils (palatine)
Adenoids
Lingual tonsil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the Waldeyer’s ring located

A

In the sub epithelial layer of oropharynx and nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The tonsil is nestled in a fossa formed by muscles. What muscles are they

A

anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars (palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the anatomical location of the adenoid

A

In the midline of the posterior wall of the Nasopharynx immediately inferior to the rostrum of the sphenoid
It makes up most of the Waldeyer’s ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of cells cover the surface of the tonsil

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the surface of the adenoids differ from the surface of the tonsils

A

Adenoids have deep folds and few crypts

Tonsils have from 10-30 crypts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of cells are found where air goes e.g. nose, PNS, larynx and trachea

A

columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of cells are found where food goes e.g. oral, pharyngeal, vocal cords, oesophagus

A

Squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of cells are found in the upper aerodigestive

A

Ciliated columnar respiratory type mucosa and squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name some common diseases of the tonsils and adenoids

A 
acute tonsillitis 
recurrent/ chronic adenoiditis / tonsilitis 
Obstructive hyperplasia 
malignancy 
tonsil crypt debris / tonsiliths
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main causes of acute tonsillitis

A 
Majority viral (EBV or Rhinovirus, influenza etc) 
Some bacterial (up to 30%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why are throat swabs discouraged

A

Core species do not always correlate with surface bacteria - does not confirm causative organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some of the most commonly cultured organisms from patients with chronic tonsillar disease

A

Strep pyogenes
H influenza
S aureus
Strep pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What else should be included in a differential diagnosis of Acute tonsillitis

A 
URTI viral infection 
Infectious mononucleosi 
Peritonsilar abscess
Candida infection 
Malignancy: lymphoma, leukaemia, carcinoma 
Diptheria 
Scarlet fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are symptoms of viral tonsillitis

A 
Malaise
Sore throat 
Temperature 
Lasts 3-4 days 
lymphadenopathy (possibility)
Able to undertake normal activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are symptoms of bacterial symptoms of tonsillitis

Study These Flashcards
A 
Systemic upset 
fever 
odynophagia 
halitosis 
unable to work/ school
lymphadenopathy (tonsilar nodes particularly) 
lasts 1 week
Requires antibiotics
20
Q

What criteria helps us to differentiate between viral and bacterial tonsillitis

Study These Flashcards
A

Centor Criteria

21
Q

What are the 4 major points in the centor criteria

Study These Flashcards
A

History of fever
Tonsillar exudates
Tender anterior cervical adenopathy
Absence of cough

22
Q

What is the supportive treatment for tonsillitis

Study These Flashcards
A

Eat and drink
Rest
TOC analgesia

23
Q

What antibiotic should be prescribed if necessary for tonsilitis

Study These Flashcards
A

Penicillin 500mg qid for 10 days

Clarithromycin if allergic

24
Q

If hospital admission is required for tonsillitis, wha would be involved

Study These Flashcards
A

IV fluids
IV antibiotics
Steroids

25
What are the downfalls of surgical management of tonsillitis
Very sore after Bad day around day 5 then get better strong opiates can be required Lots of scarring post op
26
How does a peritonsilar abscess arise
A complication of acute tonsillitis | Bacteria between muscle and tonsil produce pus
27
What is a classic history of a peritonsilar abscess
Unilateral throat pain and odynophagia (pain on swallowing in the mouth) Trismus (mouth tightly closed) 3-7 days of preceding acute tonsillitis
28
What is the treatment for a peritonsilar abscess
Aspiration and antibiotics
29
What are some signs of glandular fever
``` Fross tonsillar enlargement with membranous exudate Marked cervical lymphadenopathy Palatal petechial haemorrhages Generalised lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly ```
30
How is a diagnosis of Glandular fever made
Atypical lymphcocytes in peripheral blood +ve monospot or paul bunnell test low CRP
31
What should not be prescribed in a patient with glandular fever and why
Amoxicillin - it causes a generalised macular rash
32
What are some symptoms of chronic tonsillitis
``` Chronic sore throat Malodorous breath Presence of tonsilliths Peritonsillar erythema Persistent tender cervical lymphadenopathy ```
33
What are some symptoms of obstructive hyperplasia of the adenoids
Obligate mouth breathing Hypo nasal voice Snoring and other signs of sleep disturbance
34
What are some symptoms of obstructive hyperplasia of the tonsils
Snoring and other symptoms of sleep disturbance Muffled voice Dysphagia
35
What is glue ear
Fluid in the middle ear space | Inflammation of the middle ear accompanied by accumulation of fluid without the symptoms and signs of acute inflammation
36
What is acute otitis media
Inflammation of the middle ear accompanied by the symptoms of acute inflammation with or without an accumulation of fluid
37
What sex is more likely to develop OME
Males
38
Why is there an increased incidence of children with OME
Day care older siblings smoking household recurrent URTI
39
What are some symptoms of OME
Deafness poor school performance behavioural problems speech delay - low frequency problems NOT otalgia
40
What does tympanometry measure
Pressure
41
How is a diagnosis of OME made
``` History Otoscopy Tuning fork tests Audiometry Tympanometry ```
42
What are some signs of OME
TM retraction reduced TM mobility Altered TM colour Visible ME fluid/ bubbbles
43
What is the treatment for OME
Watchful waiting and review at 3 months At 3 months: otoscopy, PTA, tympanometry Explanaiton
44
What is the surgical management for
grommets
45
What are some complications of OME
Weak evidence of short term speech language and behavioural development problems No clear evidence of long term problems
46
What are some complications of grommets
``` Infection / dishcarge Early extrusion Retention Persistent perforation Swimming /bathing issues ```

ENT SM (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions