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ENT SM > Clinical Anatomy of the Larynx > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of the Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are enclosed within the pre tracheal fascia of the neck

A 
Strap muscles 
thyroid gland
trachea and larynx
oesophagus and pharynx 
recurrent laryngeal nerves
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2
Q

Describe the location of the larynx

A

Anterior to the laryngopharynx

Between C4-C6 vertebral levels

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3
Q

Where is the cricoid cartilage

A

C6

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4
Q

Where is the superior border of the thyroid cartilage

A

C4/5

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5
Q

What are the palpable structures i the neck

A 
External occipital protuberance
mastoid process
transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 
spinous process of C7 
spinous process of T1
clavicle
Trachea
manubrium of the sternum
cricoid cartilage
thyroid cartilage 
hyoid bone 
mental process of the mandible 
lower border of the mandible
angle of the mandible
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6
Q

What is the main function of the larynx

A

To maintain the potency of URT

To help prevent entry of foreign bodies into the LRT

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7
Q

What else helps to prevent the entry of foreign bodies into the LRT

A

vocal cords and cough reflex
produce sound
vocal cords

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8
Q

What type of cartilage is the epiglottis made from

A

Elastic

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9
Q

What cartilage is the only one to create an entire ring around the larynx

A

Cricoid

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10
Q

Where is the best place for access for intubation etc. in the larynx

A

Cricothyroid membrane

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11
Q

What muscle completes the posterior wall of the trachea

A

Trachealis

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12
Q

What allows us to nod

A

The capsule of the cricothyroid joint (synovial) - AP movement between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

What type of muscle covers the cartilage of the trachea

A

Smooth muscle

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14
Q

Where do your vocal cords attach to

A

The vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage at the back and the internal aspect of the thyroid cartilage anteriorly

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15
Q

What 5 things does adding pressure to the cricoid cartilage allow

A

Lamina of the cricoid cartilage compresses the oesophagus
presses it against the C6 vertebral body
Oesophagus is closed but the larynx / airway is open
Prevents regurgitation / aspiration
Allows ventilation

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16
Q

What cartilages are located deep to the laryngeal mucosa

A

Cuneiform and cornilate cartilages

17
Q

What does endotracheal intubation involve

A 
Placing a breathing tube inside the trachea through the 
mouth / nasal cavity 
oropharynx / nasopharynx
laryngeal inlet 
rima glottidis of the larynx 
trachea
18
Q

Why would you not insert an ET tube into a main bronchus

A

If you did, only 1 lung would inflate and the other would collapse

19
Q

What is the vallecula

A

The space between the tongue and the epiglottis

A laryngoscope blade is inserted into here

20
Q

What is the mucosal lining of inside the larynx mainly made of

A

Respiratory epithelium

21
Q

What are exceptions to the respiratory epithelium in the larynx

A

Vocal cords: Stratified squamous epithelium

22
Q

Describe how the mucociliary escalator works

A

The mucous glands secrete mucous onto the epithelial surface
Cilia beat to sweep the mucous (and any foreign bodies stuck in the mucous superiorly, towards the pharynx to be swallowed

23
Q

What is the nerve of the larynx

A

Vagus

24
Q

What divides the larynx

A

The vocal cords

25
Q

What is another term for the false vocal cords

A

Vestibular folds

26
Q

What is another term for the true vocal cords

A

Vocal folds

27
Q

What nerve supplies superior to the vocal cord

A

Superior laryngeal branch of CN X

28
Q

What nerve supplies the vocal fold and inferior

A

Recurrent laryngeal branches of CN X

29
Q

Describe the path that the vagus nerve takes to the larynx

A

It passes through the jugular foramen, descends through the neck within the carotid sheath
It then gives off the recruit laryngeal nerve in the mediastinum

30
Q

What type of muscle are all of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

Skeletal - they attach between the cartilage and move them

31
Q

What are the muscles that move the cartilage

A

Tensors
Relaxers
adductors
abductors

All of the vocal cords

32
Q

What is the function of the cricothyroid muscles

A

Tense the vocal cords

33
Q

Where do the cricothyroid muscles attach

A

Between the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage

34
Q

What happens if you really tense the cricothyroid muscles

A

You get a very high pitched voice

35
Q

What is the function of the there-arytenoid muscles

A

Relax the vocal cords

pull the arytenoid cartilage towards the thyroid cartilage

36
Q

What is the function of the lateral crico-arytenoid muscles

A

To adduct the vocal cords

Rotate the arytenoid cartilages so that the vocal processes of the cartilage come together in the midline

37
Q

What are the 3 sounds that are nasal sounds

A

m
n
ing

ENT SM (19 decks)

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