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ENT SM > Anatomy 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy 3 Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the oral cavity

A

Upper and lower teeth

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2
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the oral cavity

A

Floor of mouth / tongue

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3
Q

What is the superior boundary of the oral cavity

A

Hard palate and soft palate

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4
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

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5
Q

What is the floor of the mouth

A

Underneath the tongue

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6
Q

What is the vein(s) that runs in the floor of the mouth called

A

Lingual vein

Right and left

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7
Q

What is the function of the lingual vein

A

For delivering drugs sublingually e.g. GTN spray

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8
Q

What happens if a patient has a tongue tie

A

The frenulum is too short and therefore binds the tongue to the gingivae of the lower incisor teeth

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9
Q

What are salivary glands

A

Accessory organs of the GI tract

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10
Q

What are the names of the major salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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11
Q

Where is the parotid gland situated

A

On the master muscle in front of the ear

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12
Q

Where is the submandibular gland located

A

Just under the mandible

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13
Q

Where is the sublingual gland located

A

Deep underneath the tongue

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14
Q

How much saliva do the major salivary glands produce

A

90% of daily total of 500-750 ml

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15
Q

Where are the minor salivary glands located

A

oral mucosa
lips
cheeks
palate

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16
Q

What is the function of the minor salivary glands

A

Keep the mouth moist

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17
Q

Describe the course of the parotid duct

A

It runs over the masseter (superficial) and then turns at a nearly right angle and pierces medially through the buccinator muscle around the upper 2nd molar

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18
Q

Describe the submandibular duct

A

It runs on the posterior aspect of the mandible
It has superficial and deep parts
The deep part is underneath the mandible
In the floor of the mouth

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19
Q

What major salivary duct is palpable

A

Submandibular gland

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20
Q

What is the muscle of the floor of the mouth

A

Mylohyoid

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21
Q

what does the chorda tympani connect to

A

The lingual nerve branch of CN V3

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22
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression

A

CN VII

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23
Q

What nerve supplies the submandibular salivary gland

A

CN VII parasympathetic axons

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24
Q

What is strange about the nerve innervation to the parotid

A

The facial nerve passes right through it but does not supply it
CN IX supplies it

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25
Describe the course of CN IX
It comes out of the jugular foramen and gives off a branch that goes towards thematic ganglion which hangs off of CN V3
26
What happens at the otic ganglion
There is a synapse and theres is another branch of V3 (auriculotemporal) which heads back along towards the ear
27
What is the tongue made from? | What is the tongue covered with
``` Skeletal muscle (voluntary action) Lingual mucosa ```
28
Describe the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue including location and nerve supply
Horizontal in the oral cavity general sensory = CN V3 Special sensory = CN VII
29
Describe the posterior 1/3r of the tongue
Vertical Not in oral cavity General and sensory supply = CNIX
30
What is the foramen caecum and where is it found
Origin of the thyroid gland | At the apex of the terminal groove
31
Where is the dividing line for the anterior and posterior sections of the tongue
The terminal groove or sulcus | Foramen caecum lies here
32
Describe the movement of thyroid swellings on swallowing. Why do they do this
Superiorly then inferiorly | Due to their attachment to the larynx
33
Where would a thyroglossal duct cyst or ectopic thyroid tissue be found
Int he midline migratory path | I.e. down the foramen caecum
34
Tongue muscles are all intrinsic. True or false
False there are both intrinsic and extrinsic - i.e. an attachment of each one is not on the tongue
35
What is the function of the tongue muscles
They suspend the tongue and hold it in place | Also allow us to change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech
36
Name the extrinsic tongue muscles
Palatoglossus Styloglossus Hyoglossus Genioglossus
37
Where are the 4 pairs of skeletal intrinsic muscles of the tongue located
Located mainly dorsally / posteriorly
38
What is the main function of the skeletal intrinsic muscles of the tongue
To modify the shape of the tongue during function
39
What nerve supplies the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
The hypoglossal nerve apart from the palatoglossus which is supplied by vagus
40
What are all of the palate muscles supplied by
Vagus
41
Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the cranium fossa
The hypoglossal canal in the posterior cranial fossa
42
How can we clinically test the function of CNXII
Ask the patient to stick their tongue out
43
What would happen if there was unilateral damage to CNXII
The tip of the tongue will point towards the side of the injured nerve
44
How is blood supplied to the tongue
Via a loop of the lingual artery
45
How does the hypoglossal nerve pass into the tongue
Anteriorly through the neck lateral to the loop of the lingual artery
46
What is the Vermillion border
A really faint white line that usually runs between the mucous membrane covering the lips and the actual skin
47
Why is the Vermillion border important
It gives your lips shape
48
What is located in the space between the arches of the soft palate
Palatine tonsil
49
What bones make up the hard palate
The maxillary bones Palatine bones Median suture
50
What is the function of the palatine foramina
For nerves (branches of CNV2) and vessels
51
What is the mucosa on the hard palate classified as
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
52
What makes up the soft palate
Muscle No bone Really thick aponeurosis
53
What are the 5 pairs of muscles of the soft palate called
Levator veli palatini Tensor veli palatini palatoglossus palatopharyngeus
54
What nerve supplies the skeletal muscles of the soft palate
All by Vagus nerve except tensor veil palatini
55
What muscle of the soft palate is longitudinal
Palatopharyngeus
56
What are the functions of the soft palate
Stops food entering the nose during swallowing Directs air into the nose or the mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing and vomiting Helps to close off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex
57
How can we test the function of CNX and CN V3 clinically
Ask the patient to say aahh
58
What is an indication that nerves CNX and CNV3 are working normally
The uvula should lift straight up in the midline
59
What is an indication that there is a unilateral nerve pathology of CNX and CNV3
The uvula will be pulled away from the non-functioning side by the normal side
60
Describe how the muscles around the pharynx are arranged
The external layer overlap each other like cups getting stacked together
61
What nerve innervates the muscles of the pharynx
Vagus
62
Where do all of the muscles of the pharynx insert
Onto the middling earth
63
How do the muscles of the pharynx contract
Sequentially
64
Where does the stylopharyngess muscle come from
The styloid process
65
Where is the origin of the salpingopharyngeus muscle
cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube
66
Where do all o the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert
onto the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage
67
What is the function of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
To elevate the pharynx and larynx
68
Through what structure can you access the larynx
The laryngeal inlet
69
Where is the lingual tonsil located
In the mucosa of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
70
What structures make up Waldeyer's (defensive) ring of lymphoid tissue
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) Tubal tonsils Palatine tonsils Lingual tonsil
71
What is meant by the regional lymph nodes
The group of lymph nodes that FIRST receive the lymph that has drained from a given structure
72
Where does the palatine tonsil drain to
The jugulo-digastric node that drains the palatine tonsil
73
What are the regional lymph nodes for the tip of the tongue
Submental nodes
74
Where are the deep cervical nodes located
In the carotid sheath
75
Describe how lymph nodes are in infection
``` swollen painful soft smooth not fixed to adjacent structures improve rapidly with antibiotics ```
76
Describe how lymph nodes are in cancer
``` Swollen not painful hard irregular fixed do not improve ```

ENT SM (19 decks)

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