Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

developmental 2 > adolescent development > Flashcards

adolescent development Flashcards

1
Q

what is puberty characterised by?

A

maturation of all functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the difference between male and female reproductive function timescales?

A

males persists throughout life whereas womens ceases at menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

age of onset of puberty ranges from?

A

8-15 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are early maturing girls at higher risk of?

A

child parent conflict, teasing, early sexual activity, eating disorders, early substance use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is more associated for early maturing boys?

A

more socially poised, more popular, issues with rebellion,, show less empathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

immaturity is at the level of the brain. what brain structures?

A

limbic structures and hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why is the reproductive function so late to mature?

A

because immaturity is at the level of the hypothalamus and limbic-hypothalamic pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do we know that the limbic-hypothalamic system is responsible for the immaturity of the reproductive system before puberty?

A

immature gonads translated into an adult animal will mature immediately and demonstrate a normal reproductive system, the pituitary take from a prepubertal animal > adult animal will regulate a normal reproductive function, lesions/trauma of the hypothalamus and limbic system will prevent prepubertal animal to develop a normal reproductive function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in children what is the status of gonadal function?

A

testies/overies and secondary male and female organs, low levels of sex organs, low levels of GnRH and FSH/LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GnRH is released from the _________

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

FSH and LH are released from the ___________

A

anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the trigger of puberty?

A

production of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the process where appropriate sex hormones (testosterone, oestrogen) are released?

A

hypothalamus releases GnRH > stimulates pituitary gland > releases LH and FSH > these hormones signal male and female sex hormones to be released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the effects of puberty when sex hormones are released?

A

growth spurt, primary and secondary sex characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?

A

primary are directly involved in reproduction, whereas secondary are not necessary for reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

give some examples of secondary sex characteristics

A

odour, acne, breast development, hair, voice changes

17
Q

what contribute to the conflict, moodiness and sexual urges of adolescents?

A

hormones (but not only cause_ > social and cultural reactions to visible body changes play a role

18
Q

what factors does the age of onset of puberty depend on?

A

gender (girls ahead), genes, ethnicity, weight, stress

19
Q

the lymphoid system _____ in she which makes teens less susceptible to asthma and colds

A

decreases

20
Q

what is lack of sleep in teens associated with?

A

higher risk of mood disorder, driving problems, academic achievement

21
Q

what are the ways to study brain changes through development?

A

structural and functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging

22
Q

what brain regions have the most dramatic changes during adolescence?

A

prefrontal and subcortical regions

23
Q

what happens to the density of grey and white matter during adolescence?

A

Grey matter decreases (cortex, parietal areas, basal ganglia), white matter increases (due to more myelination)

24
Q

why do big changes occur in the prefrontal cortex?

A

proliferation and synaptic pruning processes

25
Q

which brain regions mature earliest?

A

those with primary functions such as motor and sensory systems

26
Q

what areas did studies using MRI based measures show to be where cortical grey matter loss occurs earliest and latest?

A

earliest = primary sensorimotor areas, latest = dorsolateral prefrontal and lateral temporal corticles

27
Q

in contrast to grey matter, white matter increases in a _____ pattern and increases throughout development well into adulthood

A

linear

28
Q

why does white matter increase in adolescents?

A

reflects ongoing myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes enhancing neuronal conduction and communication

29
Q

what did Goddings et al (2014) find in their longitudinal sample of 711 MRI scans from 275 people age 7-20 yrs

A

amygdala and hippocampus increase in size with puberty and age, other parts of basal ganglia reduce in size > these findings suggest a significant role for puberty in structural brain development, found sex differences

30
Q

are mood disorders higher in males or females?

A

females

31
Q

do men or women have earlier onset times for schizophrenia?

A

men

developmental 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions