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developmental 2 > cognitive development in adolescence > Flashcards

cognitive development in adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

give 2 examples of high level intellectual functions

A

logical reasoning, problem solving

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2
Q

give examples of basic level intellectual functions

A

attention, perception, memory

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3
Q

what are the 3 inter-related aspects of adolescent thinking?

A

process, structure, content

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4
Q

a cognitive ability that develops very early in life and we observe a change in flexibility throughout development =

A

perception

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5
Q

when looking at perception what did studies use?

A

perception of ambiguous figures (figures that can be perceived in 2 or more ways)

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6
Q

in the study looking at perception of ambiguous figures in 4-11 year olds what were the findings?

A

younger children report seeing only 1 figure, only when an adult points our the distinction between 2 figures can a younger child see, older children can perceive the figure more flexibly

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7
Q

ability to allocate attentional resources and to focus on a specific topic =

A

selective attention

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8
Q

studies have shown that adolescents have ______ selective attention abilities

A

better

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9
Q

adolescents are ______ likely than younger children to remember more items from the central task than the incidental task which shows they are better at selective attention

A

more

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10
Q

time it takes the brain to either receive or output info (speed that mental calculations can be carried out) =

A

speed of processing

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11
Q

what is the trajectory in adolescent development of the speed of processing?

A

develops rapidly during childhood > continues to develop into adolescence (older A’s faster compared to younger)

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12
Q

what is the cause of increased speed of processing in adolescents?

A

maturation of white matter in the brain

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13
Q

what measures were used to test visuospatial reasoning ability?

A

matrix reasoning, block design, analysis synthesis, concept formation

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14
Q

this test measures how rapidly and accurately a ppt can identify within an array of stimuli, a subset of shapes that match a sample stimulus =

A

Cross Out subtest (Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement)

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15
Q

test that measures the ability to select a geometric stimulus that accurately completes an array of stimuli arranged due to progression rules = what measure?

A

matrix reasoning

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16
Q

test that measures the ability to arrange a set of red and white blocks to produce a 2D visual pattern =

A

block design

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17
Q

test where ppts must analyse the structure of an incomplete logic puzzle and solve missing parts =

A

analysis synthesis

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18
Q

test where ppts must identify rules that make up geometric figures after being exposed to concepts =

A

concept formation

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19
Q

white matter maturation was found in a study to support improved processing speed. What does this support?

A

improved (visuospatial) reasoning ability

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20
Q

what theory suggests that younger children rely on info about individual features of the face whereas adolescents use info about the configuration of facial features?

A

encoding switch hypothesis

21
Q

with face processing, what is represented in memory in children at different ages?

A

information about faces

22
Q

children below 10 rely on ________ processing when identifying faces

A

featural

23
Q

older children/adults rely on _______ processing when identifying faces

A

configure

24
Q

there is evidence that below 10, children make identifications based on what?

A

paraphernalia (hats, sunglasses)

25
Q

what 2 type of tasks are used to investigate STM?

A

span tasks, spatial span tasks

26
Q

series of letters/digits/words presented at 1/sec rate and have to repeat them in same order = what type of task?

A

span

27
Q

certain blocks presented in arrangement > experimenter taps blocks in an order and ppt has to repeat the sequence = what type of task?

A

spatial span task

28
Q

how can working memory be tested?

A

modified version of span tasks, letter span task

29
Q

ppts are presented with a series of items and asked to reproduce them in reverse order. what type of memory is this testing?

A

working memory

30
Q

list of random letters are presented and ppts have to repeat them in alphabetical order. what type of memory is this testing?

A

working memory

31
Q

what do working memory tasks show with performance in adolescents?

A

better performance and older adolescents show better WM compared to younger adolescents

32
Q

with this type of memory, the absolute capacity doesn’t change with age but the strategies on how we form these memories do. what is it?

A

long term memory

33
Q

what type of memory strategy do younger children use?

A

rehearsal strategy (repeating over and over)

34
Q

what type of memory strategy might older children use?

A

elaboration strategy

35
Q

both rehearsal and elaboration help memory, but which is more effective?

A

elaboration

36
Q

give another type of elaborations strategy that is seen in older children

A

organisation strategy

37
Q

ability to organise cluster of items into memory =

A

cluster effect

38
Q

forming memories relies on?

A

brain plasticity

39
Q

we can differentiate between experience-_______ and experience-________ plasticity

A

dependent, expectant

40
Q

experience dependent =

A

brains retain an ability to learn

41
Q

experience expectant =

A

during sensitive periods (infancy/adolescence) our brain will encounter a rush of stimuli where the brain is primed for the experience

42
Q

memory tests in different cultures show what?

A

a ‘reminiscence bump’

43
Q

at what age are we more likely to remember autobiographical events that accord between 10–30?

A

age 35

44
Q

when are memories of music, books, films, public events strongest?

A

during adolescence

45
Q

when may simple aspects of WM reach maturity?

A

childhood

46
Q

measures the ppts ability to conduct and organise search of locations to obtain hidden tokens at each one =

A

spatial self-ordered search

47
Q

task that requires strategic self monitoring and organisation of behaviour and ongoing demand for info updating as each trial progresses =

A

spatial memory span task (blocks)

48
Q

what task places heavy demand on executive control?

A

spatial memory span task

developmental 2 (9 decks)

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