Adrenal Gland

Question 1

Long arteries penetrate the capsule to get to…

Answer 1

the cortex and medulla

Question 2

Short arteries form capillary beds in…

Answer 2

the cortex

Question 3

Hormone producted in the zona glomerulosa (ZG)

Answer 3

aldosterone

Question 4

Hormone producted in the zona fasiculata (ZF)

Answer 4

Cortisol

Question 5

Hormone producted in the zona reticularis (ZR)

Answer 5

DHEA

Question 6

Which layer shuttles byproducts to and from the SER and mitochondria to produce their hormone

Answer 6

ZG

Question 7

Which layer has lots of lipid droplets within the cell

Answer 7

ZF

Question 8

The cells in which layer contain secretion granules in the cortex of the gland

Answer 8

None because the hormone is secreted immediately after synthesis in the adrenal gland

Question 9

Which layer is poorly stained

Answer 9

ZF (due to lipid droplets)

Question 10

Which layer may contain lipofuscin pigment

Answer 10

ZR

Question 11

Which layer is amphophilic (stains with acidic and basic dyes)

Answer 11

ZG

Question 12

Which layer is acidophilic

Answer 12

ZR

Question 13

Which layer contains an abundant number of lysosomes (EM)

Answer 13

ZR

Question 14

Which layer contains lots of SER

Answer 14

All of them

Question 15

Which layer contains tubule-vesicular mitochondrial cristae (long)

Answer 15

ZF

Question 16

Which layer contains short tubular mito. crust (look like vesicles)

Answer 16

ZR

Question 17

What layer contains elongated, broad and flat mito. cristae

Answer 17

ZG

Question 18

Arrangement of cells in ZG

Answer 18

round balls

Question 19

Arrangement of cells in ZF

Answer 19

straight cords

Question 20

Arrangement of cells in ZR

Answer 20

branched cords

Question 21

Which layer has straight sinusoidal capilaries

Answer 21

ZF

Question 22

BV present in the medulla

Answer 22

post capillary venues and medullary veins

Question 23

Outer most layer of the adrenal gland

Answer 23

capsule

Question 24

What’s the name of the cells in the ZF with lots of lipid droplets

Answer 24

spongiocytes

Question 25

What lines sinusoidal capillaries

Answer 25

epithelium

Question 26

Endothelium in sinusoidal capillaries is...

Answer 26

fenestrated with diaphragms

Question 27

Name two structures that can be found on the capsule of the adrenal gland

Answer 27

Major BV of adrenal gland (i.e superior, middle, or inferior suprarenal a.) and autonomic nerve cells

Question 28

If you find an arteriole in the ZR, what can we likely conclude it is?

Answer 28

Long artery

Question 29

What is found between the capsule and ZG

Answer 29

smooth muscle

Question 30

Other than Mitochondrial cristae what is another way to distinguish cells in the ZF from the ZG and ZR

Answer 30

lipid droplets

Question 31

Which region of the adrenal cortex do NOT contain the medulla

Answer 31

tail

Question 32

Are the layers of the adrenal gland of uniform thickness

Answer 32

no

Question 33

Difference between post capillary venule and medullary vein

Answer 33

Medullary vein has several layers of smooth muscle surrounding it.

Question 34

What makes medullary veins different from the suprarenal veins

Answer 34

medullary veins lack adventitia and have less smooth muscle

Question 35

What are the two types of cells in the medulla

Answer 35

Darkly and lightly stained chromaffin cells

Question 36

What do chromaffin cells stain with

Answer 36

Bichromate salts

Question 37

What do the darkly stained chromaffin cells secrete

Answer 37

Noradrenaline

Question 38

What do the lightly stained chromaffin cells secrete

Answer 38

adrenaline

Question 39

What are the cells that signal the chromaffin cells to secrete their hormone

Answer 39

preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers

Question 40

How can you ID preganglionic sympathetic fibers in the medulla

Answer 40

Basophilic, Eccentric nucleus, prominent nucleolus, and satellite cells

Question 41

Do chromaffin cells have secretion granules

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

Color of chromaffin cells when stained with bichromate salts

Answer 42

brown (dark chromaffin) Red (light chromaffin)

Question 43

Organelles in the chromaffin cells seen with EM

Answer 43

(organelles you would expect to see in secretory cells) RER, Golgi, secretion vesicles

Question 44

Light chromaffin cells have (large/small) secretion granules

Answer 44

small

Question 45

Dark chromaffin cells have (large/small) secretion granules

Answer 45

large

Question 46

The cortex of the adrenal gland secretes (peptide/steroid) hormones

Answer 46

steroid (all derived from cholesterol)

Question 47

Where is the cholestrol used to produce the steroid hormones in the adrenal gland stored

Answer 47

lipid droplets

Question 48

Where are the steroid hormones produced in the adrenal gland modified

Answer 48

SER and mitochondria

Question 49

Are steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex stored

Answer 49

no

Question 50

What is norepinephrine made from

Answer 50

tyrosine

Question 51

Describe the synthesis process of norepinephrine

Answer 51

Made from tyrosine in secretion granules, released into the cytoplasm, converted to epinephrine and resorbed and stored by granules.

Question 52

Role of aldosterone in the body

Answer 52

absorption of Na+ and water by the kidney- raises blood pressure

Question 53

Blank stimulated the release of aldosterone by the ZG

Answer 53

angiotensin 2

Question 54

What stimulates the ZF to secrete cortisol

Answer 54

CRH, ACTH and gluconeogenesis by the liver

Question 55

(Darkly or lightly) stain chromaffin cells have halos around their secretion granules

Answer 55

darkly

Question 56

Physiological effects of norepinephrine

Answer 56

vasoconstriction (elevated blood pressure)

Question 57

Physiological effects of epinephrine

Answer 57

Increased heart rate and output

Question 58

What stimulated the secretion of norepiephrine/ epinephrine

Answer 58

preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers (acetylcholine)

Question 59

Where do the long and short cortical arteries drain

Answer 59

in medulla (medullary veins for long cortical arteries)