Kidney I

Question 1

2 main functions of kidney

Answer 1

• remove nitrogenous wastes

- concentrate urine

Question 2

Function of ureter

Answer 2

collect and move urine from kidney to bladder

Question 3

Function of bladder

Answer 3

store urine

Question 4

function of ureter

Answer 4

eliminate urine

Question 5

What are the components of the uriniferous tubule?

Answer 5

Nephron and collecting tubules

Question 6

(Cortex/Medulla) of the kidney stains better

Answer 6

cortex

Question 7

The cortex of the kidney is (acidophilic/basophilic)

Answer 7

acidophilic

Question 8

The two parts of the cortex of the kidney are

Answer 8

pars convoluta and pars radiata

Question 9

What structures of the nephron are contained within the pars convoluta

Answer 9

renal corpuscle, distal and proximal convoluted tubule

Question 10

What structures of the nephron are contained in the pars radiata

Answer 10

Distal and proximal straight tubules

Question 11

What is the border of a kidney lobe

Answer 11

The renal pyramid and its overlaying cortex

Question 12

What is the border for a kidney lobule

Answer 12

pars radiata and and 2 halves of the pars convoluta

Question 13

What is the structure that divides the kidney into lobes

Answer 13

column of bertin

Question 14

what is the structure that divides the kidney into lobules

Answer 14

interlobular vessels

Question 15

Where does the formation of urine in the kidney begin

Answer 15

renal corpuscle

Question 16

Where does the urine travel after it has made its way through the urinifierous tubule

Answer 16

renal papilla

Question 17

Summary diagramn S13

Answer 17

ok

Question 18

Trace the path of blood to the cortical capillaries

Answer 18

interlobar a. –> arcuate a –> interlobular a. –> afferent a. –> glomerulous capillary bed –> efferent a. –> cortical capillary bed

Question 19

What is responsible for draining the blood from the cortical nephrons

Answer 19

interlobular v.

Question 20

Trace the pathway of blood after the interlobular v. have collected blood from the cortical nephrons

Answer 20

interlobular v. –> arcuate v. –> interlobar v.

Question 21

Trace the flow of blood to the juxtacorticomedullary nephron

Answer 21

interlobar a –> arcuate a -> interlobular a –> afferent a –> glomerouslous capillary bed –> efferent a. –> vasa recta –> medullary capillary bed

Question 22

What is responsible for draining the blood from the juxtacorticomedullary nephron

Answer 22

arcuate v.

Question 23

What sorts of substances are filtered through the blood and into the kidney

Answer 23

Water, nitrogenous wastes, glucose, small amino acids, NaCl, and drugs

Question 24

What substances in the kidney are reabsorbed into the circulation

Answer 24

Glucose and small amino acids (always) and water (some of it)

Question 25

What substances remain in the kidney to be excreted

Answer 25

nitrogenous wastes and drugs

Question 26

What are the names of the three capillary beds in the kidney

Answer 26

vasa recta Glomerular capillaries Cortical peritubular capillaries

Question 27

Veins have a (thicker/thiner) wall and (thicker/thiner) lumen

Answer 27

thinner... thicker

Question 28

T/F: Arteries and veins in the kidney tend to run in parallel to one another

Answer 28

T

Question 29

Interlobar vessels are found...

Answer 29

Between the lobes of the kidney (between the renal pyramids or in the column of Bertin)

Question 30

Interlobar vessels continue on as...

Answer 30

arcuate vessels

Question 31

Arcuate vessels are found at..

Answer 31

the junction between the cortex and medulla

Question 32

arcuate vessels are continuations of

Answer 32

interlobar vessels

Question 33

Arcuate vessels continue on as...

Answer 33

interlobular vessels

Question 34

Interlobular vessels lie in the...cortex between...

Answer 34

convoluted, lobules

Question 35

How can you differentiate between a tear in the kidney tissue (artifact) and a BV?

Answer 35

artifacts are not lined by epithelium

Question 36

Afferent arterioles are found in the.... cortex

Answer 36

convoluted

Question 37

Afferent arterioles arise from....

Answer 37

interlobular a.

Question 38

Afferent arterioles supply...

Answer 38

glomerulous

Question 39

Efferent arterioles exit the...

Answer 39

glomerulous

Question 40

In cortical nephron efferent arterioles are continuous with

Answer 40

capillary bed in cortex

Question 41

T/F: In the juxtocorticomedullary nephron, the efferent arterioles are continuous with the capillary beds in the medulla via vasa recta

Answer 41

T

Question 42

*Tricky ID* BV in the kidney can be confused for collecting tubules, what are 4 major differences between the two...

Answer 42

- BV stain darker - BV have SM - BV branches - BV don't have cells that are cuboidal in shape.

Question 43

Pressure in the (afferent/efferent) arteriole is higher. This explains why the (afferent/efferent) vessel has a thicker arterial wall

Answer 43

afferent...afferent

Question 44

Purpose of arterial portal system

Answer 44

Facilitated uptake of nutrients into peritubular capillaries and the uptake of metabolic wastes into renal tubules

Question 45

Key morphologies of afferent vessels

Answer 45

- Elongated nuclei (tiger stripping) - Thicker cell wall - Goes into glomerulous from interlobular a.

Question 46

Are the afferent and afferent arterioles line by epithelium

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

Whats the purpose of both the cortical and medullary peritubular capillaries

Answer 47

Collect extracellular fluid from the tubules in the cortex and medulla respectively.

Question 48

Cortical peritubular capillaries are drained by

Answer 48

interlobular v

Question 49

Medullary peritubular capillaries are drained by

Answer 49

arcuate v.

Question 50

T/F: Capillaries are present among the collecting tubules of kidney

Answer 50

T

Question 51

Key morphologies for IDing capillaries in the kindney

Answer 51

- long ling singlet rings - RBC or neutrophil present - Endothelial nuclei

Question 52

Where do the capillaries run in the pars convoluta? Radiata?

Answer 52

Both run with the tubules. Convoluta= circle. Radiata= parallel to tubules

Question 53

Describe the endothelium of the cortical peritubular capillaries

Answer 53

fenestrated with diaphragms

Question 54

What are the two limbs in the vasa recta

Answer 54

arterial and venous

Question 55

Describe the endothelial limbing of the arterial limb in the vasa recta

Answer 55

continuous

Question 56

Describe the endothelial limbing of the venous limb in the vasa recta

Answer 56

fenestrated

Question 57

What is the epithelium in the collecting ducts

Answer 57

simple columnar

Question 58

What is the epithelium at the renal papilla

Answer 58

transitional

Question 59

What type of epithelium lines the bladder

Answer 59

transitional

Question 60

What are the 4 histological layers of the ureter

Answer 60

Epithelium, CT, Muscle, and adventitia

Question 61

Ureter is covered by... epithelium

Answer 61

transitional

Question 62

T/F: The bladder and ureter are dissimilar histologically

Answer 62

F

Question 63

What connects umbrella cells in the transitional epithelium of the bladder

Answer 63

junctions (including tight)

Question 64

What is the purpose of the junctions in the bladder

Answer 64

prevent urine and water (moisture) from coming out of the bladder

Question 65

Cells in the bladder secrete glycocalyx to prevent...from sticking to the surface

Answer 65

bacteria

Question 66

T/F: Thickness of epithelium in bladder is static

Answer 66

F

Question 67

Describe the morphology of epithelium in an empty bladder

Answer 67

Umbrella cell plump | Epithelium is thick

Question 68

Describe the morphology of epithelium in a full bladder

Answer 68

Umbrella cells flattened | Thin epithelium

Question 69

Cells in the (empty/Full) bladder have more surface area

Answer 69

full

Question 70

The cells in the empty bladder contain... and surface folds, which...

Answer 70

flattened (elliptical) vessicles... are extensions of the plasma membrane