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Histo Block 4 > Respiratory System I > Flashcards

Respiratory System I Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Define breathing

A

inhalation and exhalation of air

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2
Q

Define respiration

A

the exchange of gasses between an organism and their environment

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3
Q

Define external respiration

A

the exchange of gasses between the alveoli and the extensive capillary network within the lung

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4
Q

Define internal respiration

A

the exchange of gasses between the capillary bed and the tissues that the capillary bed supply

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5
Q

Function of the conducting portion of the respiratory system

A

Provide a pathway for air (major function). Other minor functions include controlling air temperature, phonation, and olfaction

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6
Q

Structures involved in the conduction portion of the respiratory system

A

nasal vestibule, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

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7
Q

Components of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system all contain…..because the respiratory portion is responsible for….

A

alveoli….external respiration

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8
Q

Structures that are a part of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, and alveoli

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9
Q

What is the dominant form of epithelium in the conduction portion of the respiratory system

A

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PCCE)

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10
Q

what are the structures in the conducting portion of the respiratory system that do not have PCCE?

A

external nasal vestibule

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11
Q

Where can mumcoserous glands be found

A

mucosa (lamina propria) and submucosa

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12
Q

Submucosa of the conduction portion contains…to nourish overlaying epithelium and ….

A

BV…collagen and elastic fibers

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13
Q

What are the 5 different cell types in the PCCE

A
  • ciliated columar
  • goblet
  • brush
  • basal
  • small granule
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14
Q

What is the predominant cell of PCCE

A

ciliated columnar cell

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15
Q

Function of ciliated columnar cell

A

cilia beat and push particulate mater into pharynx to be eliminated via the digestive system

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16
Q

Immobile cilia symdrome

A

-Cilia are unable to move the mucous into the pharynx and as a result individuals will have more contaminants in their lungs

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17
Q

Role of goblet cells

A

secretes mucin glycoproteins and helps moistens epithelium

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18
Q

What are the two major components of the mucociliary system

A

goblet cells and ciliated columnar cell

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19
Q

What are the names of the two mucous layers formed by the mucociliary system

A

outer layer= viscous

inner layer= sol

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20
Q

(sol/viscous) layer contains cilia

A

sol (because it is the inner layer)

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21
Q

Key morphologies of brush cells

A

microvilli and associated with neurons (may have sensory function)

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22
Q

Role of basal cells

A

progenitor cells for respiratory epithelium

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23
Q

Role of small granule cell

A

secretes polypeptide hormones as part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) to control serous and mucus secretions

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24
Q

Key morphology of small granule cell

A

dense core granules

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25
The epithelium that lines the external nasal vestibule is...
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
26
(Sebacous/Sweat) glands are present in the external nasal vestibule
both
27
Role of vibrissiae in external nasal vesibule
remove large particles from the air
28
Nasal fossa are separated by...
nasal septum
29
What are the regions in the nose responsible for olfaction?
Superior choncha and roof of nasal cavity
30
The olfactory portion of the nose is lined by... epithelium
PCCE
31
What are the 3 cells found in the olfactory portion of the nose
olfactory cell sustentacular cell basal cell
32
The olfactory cell is a.... neuron with serveral nonmotile... rich in .... molecules for smell
bipolar...cilia...receptor
33
T/F: Unlike other neural cells olfactory cells are replaced frequently throughout the individuals lifetime?
T
34
Role of sustentacular cells
provide support, nourishment, and electrical insulation for olfactory cells
35
Morphology of sustentacular cells
columnar cell with many microvilli
36
Role of basal cell
progenitor cell that regenerates sustentacular cell and olfactory cell
37
Blank glands are responsible for transmitting smells to the receptors on the non-motile cilia on the olfactory cells
Bowmans
38
Bowmans glands are located...
in the lamina propria
39
Middle and inferior chonchae are lined by.... epithelium
PCCE
40
What are Swell bodies
venous plexus in the lamina propria of the choncha
41
Blank causes periodic engorgement of swell bodies
allergies
42
Paranasal sinuses are lined by... epithelium
PCCE
43
Paranasal sinuses contain lots of ...cells
goblet
44
The nasopharynx is lined by.... epithelium
PCCE
45
Contents of the lamina propria for the naspharynx
rich in BV, mumcoserous glands and contains adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)
46
Thyroid cartilage is...cartilage
hyaline
47
circoid cartilage is...cartilage
hyaline
48
Epiglottis is...cartilage
elastic
49
Arytenoid is...cartilage
hyaline and elastic
50
Corniculate is...cartilage
elastic
51
Cuniform is....cartilage
elastic
52
The superior portion of the epiglottis and true vocal fold are lined by.... epithelium. The rest of the larynx is lined by...
stratified squamous... PCCE
53
T:F The true vocal folds contain numerous mumcoserous glands in the lamina propria but the false vocal folds lack glands
F
54
What is held within the submucosa in the true vocal fold
parallel elastic fibers called the vocal ligament
55
What is held in the submucosa of the false vocal folds
mucoserous glands
56
The vocals muscle is located in the (true/false) vocal fold and is (smooth/skeletal) muscle
true...skeletal
57
The trachea is lined by... epithelium
PCCE
58
T/F: The epithelium in the trachea contains the 5 cells found in respiratory epithelium
T
59
Blank separates the mucosa from the submucosa in the trachea
elastic fibers
60
Black joins the two ends of the C-shaped cartilage rings in the trachea
trachealis muscle
61
Respiratory irritants (i/e smoking or pollutants) replaces... cells with... cells
ciliated columnar...goblet
62
The replacement of cells due to pollutants (environment) is an example of
metaplasia
63
Replacing ciliated columnar cells with goblet cells will result in
increased mucous production with no way to expel it into the pharynx and into the digestive system
64
What are the two things that bronchi have that broncholes don't have?
Cartilage rings and glands (mucoserous)
65
The amount of cartilage in bronchi (increases/decreases) as the bronchi decrease in size. The same trend is true for... cells
decrease... goblet
66
Bronchi are lined by... epithelium
PCCE
67
Mucosa contents in bronchi
``` PCCE Goblet cells elastic fibers (LP) Smooth muscle (LP) Potentially lymph nodules ```
68
Submucosa of the bronchi
Mucoserous glands
69
The cartilage in the bronchi is... cartilage
hyaline
70
Epithelium is large bronchioles is more (Columnar/cuboidal) verses small bronchioles which is more (Columnar/cuboidal)
columnar...cuboidal
71
Bronchioles have an abundence of...relative to their size and are thus primary targets for stimulation by the...
smooth muscle... autonomic nervous system
72
Parasympathetic stimulation (constricts/dialates) bronchioles verses sympathetic stimulation which (constricts/dialates)
Constricts...dialates
73
The bronchioles contain the fewest number of... cells compared to the rest of the respiratory organs
goblet cells
74
Where are neuroepithelial bodies found
bronchioles in mucosa
75
Function of neuroepithelial bodies
Contain secretory granules which receive cholinergic nerve endings. They are hypothesized to be chemoreceptors sensitive to changes in gas composition within the airway
76
Do terminal bronchioles contain goblet cells
no
77
What are the two cell types present in terminal bronchioles
ciliated cuboidal cells and clara cells
78
T/F: Clara cells contain cilia
F
79
Role of Clara cell
secretes a surface activating agent similar to surfactant the prevents adhesion of bronchioles should they collapse and regenerate bronchiolar epithelium
80
T/F: Terminal bronchioles have an abundance of smooth muscle in their submucosa
F (true if it said lamina propria)

Histo Block 4 (7 decks)

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