Adrenergics

Question 1

Precursor of norepinephrine.

Answer 1

Dopamine from tyrosine

Question 2

Converts tyrosine to DOPA

Answer 2

Tyrosine hydoxylase

Question 3

Tyrosine to norepinephrine

Answer 3

Tyrosine hydroxylated by tyrosine hydroxylase to DOPA&raquo_space; decarboxylated to dopamine&raquo_space; hydroxylated to norepinephrine

Question 4

Inhibits tyrosine conversion of tyrosine to DOPA

Answer 4

Metyrosine

Question 5

Inhibits vesicular transport of dopamine and tyrosine

Answer 5

Reserpine

Question 6

Inhibits storage of dopamine and tyrosine in the vesicles

Answer 6

Monoamine oxidase

Question 7

t or f. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors decreases stores of norepinephrine and dopamine

Answer 7

F. Maois increases the stores of dopamine and norepineprine

Question 8

Release of norepinephrine to the synaptic cleft is inhibited by

Answer 8

Guanetidine

Question 9

Release of norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft is promoted by

Answer 9

Amphetamines and tyramine

Question 10

Reuptake of NET and DAT in the synaptic cleft is inhibited by

Answer 10

Cocaine and tricarboxylic acids. Increasing NET and DAT concentration in the synapse

Question 11

Increases NET and DAT concentration in the synapse by through preventing its conversion to metanephrine and vma

Answer 11

Maoi and COMT inhibitors

Question 12

Only adrenergic receptor with ip3 and DAG as second messengers

Answer 12

Alpha 1. Increase calcium causes contraction, of muscles, secretion of glands. Increase peripheral vascular resistance, mydriasis (pupillary dilatation, contraction of radial muscles), stimulates glycogenolysis

Question 13

G proteins of alpha receptor

Answer 13

Alpha1 Gq, alpha2 Gi

Question 14

G proteins of beta receptors

Answer 14

Gs. Also of dopamine.

Question 15

Only adrenergic receptor that decreases camp

Answer 15

Alpha 2. Decreases transmitter release, causes contraction of smooth muscles. Stimulates platelet aggregation, inhibits lipolysis, inhibits insulin release in pancreatic b cells

Question 16

Adrenergic receptor found in adipose cells

Answer 16

Beta 3. Stimulates lipolysis.

Question 17

Adrenergic receptor in the in the heart and JG apparatus

Answer 17

Beta1. 1 heart. Beta 1. Youre my no 1. Increases heart rate, force, increase renin release

Question 18

Adrenergic receptor in lungs, liver and heart

Answer 18

Beta 2. 2 lungs. Bronchodilator, relaxes uterine and vascular smooth muscles, stimulates glycogenolysis, stimulates insulin release in the pancreas, tremor (somatic motor neuron terminals), stimulates heart rate and force

Question 19

Adrenergic drug used for cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis and asthma

Answer 19

Epinephrine. Non selective. Activate alpha1, beta1 and beta2 receptors. Side effects include hypertension, tachycardia, and hyperglycemia.

Question 20

Adrenergic non selective drug used for neurogenic shock and last resort for cardiogenic shock.

Answer 20

Norepinephrine. Activate alpha1, beta1 and beta2, With preferential b1>b2. Side effects include extreme vasospasm, tissue necrosis, reflex bradycardia. Compensatory vagal reflexes tend to overcome the direct positive chronotropic effects.

Question 21

Non selective adrenergic used for shock and heart failure but with dose dependent actions.

Answer 21

Dopamine. Activates a1, b1, and d1 receptor. D1: vasodilation in splanchnic and renal vessels.

Question 22

What dose of dopamine causes vasodilation in splanchnic and renal blood vessels

Answer 22

Low dose. 1-5 mcg/kg/min. Activates d1 receptors. Increased renal blood flow and urine output.

Question 23

What dose of dopamine causes increased renal blood flow, heart rate, contractility and cardiac output

Answer 23

Medium dose. 5-15 mcg/kg/min. Activates b1 receptor (b1 youre my number, 1 heart)

Question 24

What dose of dopamine causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure

Answer 24

High dose. >15 mcg/kg/min. Activates alpha receptors

Question 25

Nonselective beta agonist used for asthma

Answer 25

Isoprotenerol. Side effects arrhythmia, cardiac disturbance, since may b1 activation din kasi

Question 26

Selective a1 agonist used as decongestant and mydriasis

Answer 26

Phenylephrine. Side effects include rebound nasal congestion, hypertension, mi. Ocular administration causes mydriasis without cyclopegia.

Question 27

Selective a2 agonist known for its side effect of rebound hypertension

Answer 27

Clonidine. Used for hypertension, cancer pain and opioid withdrawal. Taper use of clonidine to avoid rebound hypertension.

Question 28

Non selective alpha antagonist for treatment of rebound HYPERtension

Answer 28

Phentolamine

Question 29

Selective a2 agonist used for preeclampsia

Answer 29

Methyldopa. A2 decreases central sympathetic outflow. Drug of choice for preeclampsia. Side effects include sedation and hemolytic anemia.

Question 30

Selective b1 agonist used for acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock.

Answer 30

Dobutamine. B1 increases heart rate and contractility. Side effects include tachycardia, arrhythmia, tachyphylaxis

Question 31

Selective b2 agonist used for bronchodilatory effects

Answer 31

Salbutamol, formeterol, salmeterol, terbutaline. Salbutamol for acute asthma attacks, terbutaline for tocolysis. Side effects include tachycardia, tremors, arrhythmia if used excessively, tachyphylaxis

Question 32

Irreversible non selective alpha blocker used for treatment of presurgical pheochromocytoma

Answer 32

Phenoxybrnzamine. Preferential block of a1>a2. Irreversible because forms covalent bond with alpha receptors (effects last for days).

Question 33

Reversible nonselective alpha blocker used for pheochromocytoma and antidote for a1 agonist overdose

Answer 33

Phentolamine. Preferential block a1>a2.

Question 34

Selective a1 blocker that may cause first dose orthostatic hypotension

Answer 34

Prazosin, tamsulosin. Prazosin for hyoertension. Tamsulosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Question 35

Advantage of a1 selectivity blocker

Answer 35

Reflex tachycardia is less common and less severe.

Question 36

Nonselective beta blocker used for angina, hypertension, arrhythmia

Answer 36

Propanolol, labetwlol, carvedilol, timolol. Block sympathetic effects on heart and bp, reduces renin release. Side effects bronchospasm, erectile dysfunction.

Question 37

Beta blocker with alpha blocker

Answer 37

Labetalol

Question 38

Beta blocker with intrinsic sympathetic activity

Answer 38

Pindolol acebutolol

Question 39

Effect of beta blockers in diabetes

Answer 39

Can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia (tachycardia, tremor and anxiety), impaired hepatic mobilization of glucose

Question 40

Beta blocker without local anesthetic activity

Answer 40

Timolol and betaxolol. Useful in glaucoma since there is no loss of protective corneal reflexes

Question 41

Longest half life beta blocker

Answer 41

Nadolol

Question 42

Beta blocker shortest half life

Answer 42

Esmolol

Question 43

Selective beta blocker that blocks sympathetic effects on heart and bp.

Answer 43

Atenolol, betaxolol, esmolol, metoprolol. Less chance for bronchospasm. Masks symptoms of hypoglycemia on diabetics.

Question 44

Precursor of dopamine

Answer 44

Tyrosine