Cholinergics

Question 1

Activates m3 receptors that use for bladder and bowel atony, especially in post surgical or spinal cord injury

Answer 1

Bethanichol

Question 2

Dire t acting Cholinergic drug with cyclospasm diarrhea urinary urgency reflex tachycardia side effects

Answer 2

Bethanichol

Question 3

Direct cholinergic useful for sjogren syndrome and glaucoma and sicca syndrome

Answer 3

Pilocarpine

Question 4

Autoimmune disorder characterized by xerostomia, xeropthalmia, and rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 4

Pilocarpine

Question 5

Dry mouth, dry eyes and joint pains. Treated with pilocarpine.

Answer 5

Sjogren syndrome

Question 6

Direct acting cholinergic other than nicotine, nicotinic pathway

Answer 6

Varenicline, cevimelene, muscarene

Question 7

Used for smoking cessation. Cholinergic.

Answer 7

Varenicline

Question 8

Receptors activated in the nicotinic pathway

Answer 8

Ach receptors (Nn and Nm)

Question 9

Symptoms of Nicotine overdose

Answer 9

Convulsion, paralysis, coma

Question 10

Cholinergic toxicity involving cns stimulation, miosis, bronchoconstriction, increased gi smooth muscle activity, increased secretion of tears, saliva and sweat, vasodilation

Answer 10

Muscarinic toxicity

Question 11

Cholinergic drug associated with Amanita muscaria and Inocybe

Answer 11

Muscarine (nicotinic)

Question 12

Responsible for side effects of generalized ganglionic stimulation

Answer 12

Nicotine, varenicline, muscarine

Question 13

Hypertension. Tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea are side effects of which cholinergic

Answer 13

Nicotine, varenicline, muscarine

Question 14

Receptors for direct cholinergic

Answer 14

Muscarinic and nicotinic

Question 15

Toxicity of this cholinergic results to ganglionic stimulation, fasciculation, paralysis, convulsion followed by cns depression

Answer 15

Nicotinic cholinergics

Question 16

Drugs that Bind to acetylcholinesterase, prevents binding and hydrolysis of endogenous acetylcholine thereby increasing ach effects

Answer 16

Indirect acting cholinergics (edrophonium, neostigmine)

Question 17

Used mainly for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis and in differentiation of cholinergic crisis and myasthenic crisis

Answer 17

Edrophonium

Question 18

Cholinergic with side effects of miosis salivation BRADYCARDIA. Nausea diarrhea

Answer 18

Indirect acting cholinergics (edrophonium, neostigmine, rivastigmine)

Question 19

Indirect acting Cholinergic mainly used for TREATMENT of myasthenia gravis, reversal of non depolarizing neuromuscular blockade, ogilvie syndrome.

Answer 19

Neostigmine

Question 20

Indirect acting cholinergic used for glaucoma

Answer 20

Physostigmine

Question 21

Indirect acting cholinergic that us very short acting upon intravenous administration

Answer 21

Edrophonium

Question 22

Indirect acting cholinergic in which the muscarinic effects are blocked by atropine

Answer 22

Neostigmine

Question 23

Autoimmune destruction of nicotinic Ach receptors

Answer 23

Myasthenia gravis

Question 24

Auto immune disease characterized by Fluctuating muscle weakness, ocular symptoms (ptosis), proximal muscle weakness, bulbar symptoms

Answer 24

Myasthenia gravis

Question 25

Myasthenic crisis vs. cholinergic crisis

Answer 25

Myasthenic crisis : acute worsening of symptoms due to infection, stress, or UNDERmedication Cholinergic crisis: excessive activation of cholinoceptors (skeletal muscle weakness and parasympathetic signs) due to OVERmedication

Question 26

Effect of edrophinium i. Differentiating myastheninc crisis from cholinergic crisis

Answer 26

Myasthenic crisis: improves muscle strength | Cholinergic crisis: weakens muscle strength

Question 27

Similar drugs to rivastigmine

Answer 27

Galantamine, donepezil, tacrine

Question 28

Rivastigmine is used for

Answer 28

Alzheimer's disease

Question 29

Diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of muscles and cns, lacrimation, sweating, salivation

Answer 29

Organophosphate poisoning

Question 30

Sign and symptoms of organophosphate poisoning

Answer 30

Diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of muscles and cns, lacrimation. Sweating, salivation (DUMBBELSS)

Question 31

Inhibits acetylcholinesterase thereby increasing endogenously released acetylcholine

Answer 31

Indirect acting cholinergics (edrophonium, neostigmine, rivastigmine)

Question 32

First line drug for organophosphate poisoning

Answer 32

Atropine (cholinergic receptor antagonist). Next line pralidoxime (cholinesterase generator).

Question 33

T or F: atropine affects both muscarinic and nicotinic signs of toxicity

Answer 33

False. No effect on nicotinic signs of toxicity

Question 34

Moa of atropine

Answer 34

Competitive inhibition of muscarinic receptors

Question 35

Moa of pralidoxime

Answer 35

Binds phosphorus of organophosphate. | inhibiting bond of organophosphate with cholinesterase.

Question 36

Proalidoxime is used for

Answer 36

Organophosphate antidote and nerve gas poisoning

Question 37

Side effect of pralidoxime

Answer 37

Muscle weakness

Question 38

Inhibits choline transport/reuptake to the neuron

Answer 38

Hemicholinium

Question 39

Inhibits storage of acetylcholine in the vehicle-associated transporter

Answer 39

Vesamicol

Question 40

Alters the synaptobrevins to prevent the release of acetylcholine from the presynapstic membrane

Answer 40

Botolinum

Question 41

Inhibits the action of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, inhibiting acetylcholine degradation

Answer 41

Indirect acting cholinergics and organophosphates

Question 42

Types of anticholinergic drugs

Answer 42

Anti muscarinic and antinicotinic

Question 43

Prototype drug for non selective muscarinic blocker. Tertiary amine that readily crosses membrane barriers.

Answer 43

Atropine. Found in Atropa belladona

Question 44

Drugs similar to atropine

Answer 44

Homatropine, cyclopentate, tropicamide

Question 45

Anticholinergic that blocks ganglion, blocks the Nn nicotinic Ach receptors

Answer 45

Hexamethonium

Question 46

A neuromuscular anticholinergic blocker

Answer 46

Tubocurarine

Question 47

Muscarinic cholinergic antagonist taht restores nuerotransmitter ballance in the basal ganglia. Used for parkinson's disease

Answer 47

Benztropine, bipiriden. Reduces tremors more than bradykinesia.

Question 48

Muscarinic cholinergic antagonist that block muscarinic receptors in the smooth muscles and prevents vagal-stimulated bronchoconstriction.

Answer 48

Ipratropium. Tiotropium. Used for asthma and copd. More effective and less toxic than beta agonist in patients with copd and heart disease. Less likely to cause tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 49

Side effects of ipratropium

Answer 49

Dry. Outh, cough, nasal dryness

Question 50

Muscarinic cholinergic antagonist used for motion sickness. Antagonizes also to histamine and serotonin.

Answer 50

Scopolamine. Can be applied as dermal patch.

Question 51

Hyperthermia, cutaneous vasodilation, minimal secretions, tachycardia, blurred vision, cns toxicity, constipation

Answer 51

Atropine toxicity. Hot as hare. Dry as bone. Red as beet. Blind as bat. Mad as hatter.

Question 52

Contraindicated use for muscarinic anti cholinergics

Answer 52

Cautious use for infants, acute angle closure glaucoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia, hyperthermia due to decreased sweating

Question 53

Examples of non depolarizing neuromuscular blockers

Answer 53

Tubocurarine. Atracurium, vecuronium, pancuronium

Question 54

Polarizing neuromuscular blocker

Answer 54

Succinylcholine

Question 55

Activates m3 receptors in ciliary muscle and salivary glands

Answer 55

Pilipocarpine