Adult Foot & Ankle Pathologies

Question 1

What are principles of F&A orthopaedics?

Question 2

What are some common F&A pathologies?

Answer 2

• Hallux Valgus
  *RF: genetic, ligamentous laxity, pes planus, RA, cerebral palsy; high heels & narrow toe box
• Hallux Rigidus (osteoarthritis of 1st MTP joint)
  *RF: acute trauma/microtrauma
• Lesser toe deformities
• Ankle arthritis
  *Primarily post-traumatic, some osteoarthritis/inflammatory
  *Presentation: pain, loos of motion, locking, effusion & swelling
• Pes planus
  *Cause: tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction
• Pes Cavus
• Plantar fasciitis
• Morton’s neuroma
• Tendo achilles tendinosis
• Tendo-achilles rupture
• Ankle sprains/fractures

Question 3

How does hallux valgus present? and how to manage?

Answer 3

Presentation:
Conservative Mx: Analgesia, orthotics, comfortable shoes, physiotherapy for tight gastrocnemius

Operative Mx: osteotomies

Question 4

How does pes planus/tibialis posterior dysfunction present? How to examine?

Question 4

What are causes and other deformities of pes cavus? How to manage?

Question 5

How to recognise common F&A pathologies?

Question 6

When testing for muscle power, what are the relevant muscles?

Question 7

What are presentations and causes of plantar fasciitis? How to treat it?

Question 8

What is morton’s neuroma and how does it present? How to investigate and manage?

Question 9

How does tendo achilles tendinosis present and how to manage it?

Question 10

How does tendo achilles rupture present and how to manage it?

Question 11

What are the common locations of ankle fractures? How to classify and how to manage?

Answer 11

Non-stable and stable fractures

Non-stable fractures would require operative fixation