Affective Disorders Flashcards
(47 cards)
What are mood disorders?
Disorders of mental status and function where altered mood is the (or a) core feature
They are the most common group of mental disorders
What is mania?
A term referring to states of depression and of elevated mood
A term referring to states of depression and of elevated mood?
Mania
What disorders/symptoms are often associated with mood disorders?
Anxiety
What are the causes of mood disorders?
Disordered mood can present as a primary problem or as a consequence of other disorder or illness, e.g. cancer, dementia, drug misuse or medical treatment (steroids)
How are mood disorder classified?
Using the
ICD-10 (International Classification of Disease 10th Edition – World Health Organisation)
or
DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition – American Psychiatric Association)
What is depression?
An emotion within the range of normal experience:
> Describe a state of feeling, or mood, that can range from normal experience to severe, life-threatening illness
> A ‘systemic’ symptom (complaint) with similarities to fatigue and pain
> Typically considered as a form of sadness, not just an absence of happiness
In terms of depression what emphasis does psychiatry place emphasis on?
Psychiatry places emphasis on:
- persistence of symptoms
- pervasiveness of symptoms
- degree of impairment
- presence of specific symptoms or signs
Which three spheres can symptoms of depression fall under?
1) Psychological
2) Physical
3) Social
Which three spheres can symptoms of depression fall under - Psychological?
CHANGE IN MOOD:
1) DEPRESSION - May find diurnal variation
2) ANXIETY - inability to relax
3) PERPLEXITY - particularly in Puerperal illness
4) ANHEDONIA
CHANGE IN THOUGHT CONTENT: 1) GUILT
2) HOPELESSNESS
3) WORTHLESSNESS
4) ANY NEUROTIC SYMPOMATOLOGY e.g.. Hypochondriasis, agoraphobia, obsessions & compulsions, panic attacks.
5) IDEAS OF REFERENCE
6) DELUSIONS AND HALLUCINATIONS if severe
Which three spheres can symptoms of depression fall under - Physical?
CHANGE IN BODILY FUNCTION
1) ENERGY - Fatigue
2) SLEEP
3) APPETITE - weight loss
4) LIBIDO
5) CONSTIPATION
6) PAIN
CHANGE IN PSYCHOMOTOR FUNCTIONING:
1) AGITATION
2) RETARDATION
Which three spheres can symptoms of depression fall under - Social?
1) LOSS OF INTERESTS
2) IRRITABILITY
3) APATHY
4) WITHDRAWAL, LOSS OF CONFIDENCE, INDECISIVE
5) LOSS OF CONCENTRATION, REGISTRATION & MEMORY
Definition of symptoms - Agitation?
A state of restless overactivity, aimless or ineffective
Definition of symptoms - Anhedonia?
Loss of ability to derive pleasure from experience
Definition of symptoms - Apathy?
Loss of interest in own surroundings
Definition of symptoms - Anxiety?
An unpleasant emotion in which thoughts of apprehension or fear predominate
Definition of symptoms - Depression?
An unpleasant emotion in which sadness or unhappiness predominates
Definition of symptoms - Retardation?
A slowing of motor responses including speech
Definition of symptoms - Stupor?
A state of extreme retardation in which consciousness is intact. The patient stops moving, speaking, eating and drinking. On recovery can describe clearly events which occurred whilst stuporose
General criteria for depression - ICD10?
1) Last for at least 2 weeks
2) No hypomanic or manic episodes in lifetime
3) Not attributable to psychoactive substance use or organic mental disorder
4) If psychotic symptoms or stupor then severe depression with psychotic symptoms
> Need to exclude other psychotic illnesses first like schizophrenia
General criteria for depression, somatic syndrome - ICD10?
1) Marked loss of interest or pleasure in activities that are
normally pleasurable
2) Lack of emotional reactions to events or activities that normally produce an emotional response
3) Waking 2 hrs before the normal time
4) Depression worse in the morning
5) Objective evidence of psychomotor agitation or retardation
6) Marked loss of appetite
7) Weight loss (5%+ of body weight in a month)
8) Marked loss of libido
Criteria for mild depression - ICD10?
General criteria
At least two of:
1) Depressed mood that is abnormal for most of the day almost everyday for the past two weeks, largely uninfluenced by circumstances
2) Loss of interest or pleasure
3) Decreased energy or increased fatigability
Additional from this list to give at least 4
1) Loss of confidence or self esteem
2) Unreasonable feelings of guilt or self reproach or excessive guilt
3) Recurrent thoughts of death by suicide or any suicidal behaviour
4) Decreased concentration
5) Agitation or retardation
6) Sleep disturbance of any sort
7) Change in appetite
Criteria for moderate depression - ICD10?
General criteria
At least two of:
1) Depressed mood that is abnormal for most of the day almost everyday for the past two weeks, largely uninfluenced by circumstances
2) Loss of interest or pleasure
3) Decreased energy or increased fatigability
Additional from this list to give at least 6:
1) Loss of confidence or self esteem
2) Unreasonable feelings of guilt or self reproach or excessive guilt
3) Recurrent thoughts of death by suicide or any suicidal behaviour
4) Decreased concentration
5) Agitation or retardation
6) Sleep disturbance of any sort
7) Change in appetite
Criteria for severe depression - ICD10?
General criteria
All of:
1) Depressed mood that is abnormal for most of the day almost everyday for the past two weeks, largely uninfluenced by circumstances
2) Loss of interest or pleasure
3) Decreased energy or increased fatigability
Additional from this list to give at least 8:
1) Loss of confidence or self esteem
2) Unreasonable feelings of guilt or self reproach or excessive guilt
3) Recurrent thoughts of death by suicide or any suicidal behaviour
4) Decreased concentration
5) Agitation or retardation
6) Sleep disturbance of any sort
7) Change in appetite
