Aggresion Flashcards
(13 cards)
Describe and give examples of the different types of aggression in children.
instrumental(situation where the child wants an object, privilege or space, and as a way to directly remove obstacles and reach goals); hostile aggression: child intended to harm another person; overt: verbal(direct insults), physical(hitting, pushing, kicking);relational(social exclusion, rumour spreading, manipulating social relationships)
Describe gender differences in children’s aggressive tendencies
For overt aggression, boys and girls are very similar up to pre-school years.
-By the school years, boys physical aggression is higher than that of girls, but verbal aggression is the same; girls are much higher in relational aggression
Describe a model for how aggression develops in children
-Individual differences(e.g cognitive temperament), often is difficult temperament from early on, intense negative emotions, attention demanding, lack of control, high activity level.
-Family processes(e.g conflict, discipline):
-inconsistent or coercive discipline foster aggression
-Social cognitive deficits and distortions causes interpretations of the world to be viewed through an aggressive lens, perceiving aggression in others
-Commitment to deviant peer group
Describe the onset of prosocial behaviour in children and the factors that encourage prosocial behaviour in children?
-Action that benefits other people
-Children who show signs of sympathy are more likely to offer help
-Parental prosocial, empathic behaviour toward child:
-Parental nurturance, encouragement, sensitivity, and empathy are positively related to children’s prosocial beahviour
Parental instruction and regulation of child’s behaviour:
Set clear limits, intervene when child displays inappropriate emotions, directly teach about kindness.
Children need to learn:Self control: helped by parents exerting control, this internalised by the child; respect: when children are treated with respect, they learn to treat others the same way(internalised by the child)
Name the four concerns regarding TV for children
advertisements, wasted time, misunderstanding TV, violence
Describe one study that provides support for each
Advertisements: Below age 8, kids don’t understand the persuasive intent of the ads
-Below age 4-5, kids can’t discriminate ads from tv programs
Wasted time: less social communication and poorer school work performance for children who watch lots of TV(lower achievers)
Wasted time: obesity, less social communication, and poorer school work Misunderstanding TV:
Before age 4 children do not understand that human actors are real and cartoons are unreal
By age 7 they understand that fictional charcters don’t retain their identity in real life.(thus have the difficulty with flashbacks and disordered sequence.Children might get desensitised to violence as they have seen it on such reegular basis)
Describe a lab study and a field study that examine the effect of TV on children’s
aggression
-Black & Becan:violent, hostile people are more attracted to media violence and exposure to media violence increases violence and hostility.
TV filed studies: the world as a violent place were taken
-Looked at realtion over time(cross lagged study) -Early studies revealed significant effects for boys, and later studies revealed significant effects for girls as well
-There was a significant relationships between boys that watching violence TV at age 9, and their levels or aggression at age 19
What is the benefits of playing video games
Health, functioning in older people, helping special populations, and computer games helped develop
What characteristics of computers might make them particularly likely to facilitate aggression in children?
Violent video games have similar effects to watching violent TV(promotes hostility and aggression)
-Video games are an ideal environment in which to learn violence:they place the player in the role of the aggressor and reward him or her for successful violent behaviour
Large sex differences: males liking and using video games more than girls, game plots are more male oriented
What aspects of aggression do computer games increase in individuals?
-Videogame violence may decrease reward behaviour and increase punitive behaviour
-playing the violent video game led to increased hostility and children were more likely to view others negatively
-Aggressive thoughts increased more for those who played the virtual game than for the observe and control group
-Men reported a greater increase in hostile feelings than women did after playing the game
-Increase physiological arousal and aggression-related feelings
- decrease pro-social behaviour
How big of an impact (i.e., proportion of variance) do computer games and TV have
on aggressive tendencies?
It has longitudinal effect around .15 to .20(2.3 to 4.0% of variance)
What are the potential benefits of Tv
Aid learning, such as Sesame Street, it is also beneficial when parents watch TV with the children and interact with them about the content
What are the four theories on the TV violence
Imitation, desensitisation, increase in hostile feelings, seeing the world as a violent place
