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kcep final > aging and frailty > Flashcards

aging and frailty Flashcards

1
Q

at what age is someone considered a senior

A

65 and +

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2
Q

what age is the oldest female soccer player from south africa

A

84

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3
Q

canada now has more ___ than ___ (children, seniors)

A

seniors than children

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4
Q

__ in __ canadians is at least ___ yo

A

1 in 6 65 yo

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5
Q

on july 1st 2015: total of ____ canadians = __% of the population

A

5,780,900 = 16%

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6
Q

if current population trends continue, what is estimated about the number of seniors vs the number of children

A

seniors will outnumber children by a factor of 3:2 in 20 years time

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7
Q

what is the median age of the canadian population and what would be called this phenomen

A

40, the canadian population is aging

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8
Q

in 1921 and in 2041 what percentage of the population was and will be over 65 yo

A

1921 : 5%

2041: 22%

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9
Q

what is the rank for the most common conditions found in seniors

A

arthritis, high BP, allergies, back problems, heart disease, cataracts, diabetes

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10
Q

what is the trend btw population with a chronic condition by age

A

as the age group gets older, the more people have a chronic condition (disease or disability)

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11
Q

is it possible for older adults to have more than one condition, if yes, give one example of two conditions that go hand in hand

A

yes; stroke and high bp

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12
Q

do the KCEP internships have adapted programs for all the conditions that older people get

A

no they aren’t adapted for allergy conditions

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13
Q

at what age is found frailty and in what type of people

A

in elderly adults above 65 yo

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14
Q

what is frailty

A

acceleration in physical and cognitive decline due to aging

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15
Q

diagnosis of frailty is based on what elements and what population is often presented with all of those

A 
m. weakness
decrease in p.a
decrease in walking speed
physical exhaustion
unintentional weight loss

seniors

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16
Q

what is the holistic definition of frailty

A

^ vulnerability to internal and external stressors (due to decrease in physiological reserves)

17
Q

what does allostatic load refer to in term of stress on the body

A

allostatic load refers to the long-term effects of continued exposure to chronic stress on the body (the wear and tear on the body)

18
Q

can frailty be prevented? if yes, how?

A

yes its preventable by:

exercise, socialization and nutrition

19
Q

what is sarcopenia

A

age related loss of skeletal m. mass associated with ^ physiological & functional vulnerability

20
Q

what is osteopenia

A

age-related loss of b. mineral density associated with ^ risk for osteoporosis

21
Q

what is a balance disorder and what can it be caused by

A
  • disturbance that causes an individual to feel unsteady, or have a sensation of movement (ex: spinning) when standing up or lying down
  • can be caused by certain health conditions (ex: high BP), meds, or a problem in the inner ear or the brain
22
Q

what is a nutritional problem for frailty and why does it occur

A
  • elderly sometimes lose their appetites, and do not eat correctly
  • they may not feel like eating or are simply lonely. They may not have the energy or are on limited budgets
23
Q

what’s the difference on a tomographic scan of the mid thigh for an average healthy adult and a m. after sarcopenia

A

fatty tissue layer become way bigger and the muscle layer becomes much thinner

24
Q

cardiovascular system changes associated with aging

A

VO2 peak decreases with age and sedentarity

  • decrease in VO2 peak and HRmax
  • ^ resting and exercise BP
25
Q

musculoskeletal system changes associated with aging

A

m. strength decrease after 65 yo and more for women than men

- decrease in m. strength, flexibility, balance and m. mass

26
Q

nervous system changes associated with aging

A

decrease in n. conduction bc of neuronal degeneration

  • ^ time of reaction (decrease conduction speed)
  • decrease in sensory system (touch, vision, proprioception and hearing)
27
Q

metabolic system changes associated with aging

A

decreased metabolic rate = ^ risk for diabetes (type 2)

  • decrease in metabolic rate and lean body mass
  • ^ body fat
28
Q

what variable has shown the greatest correlation with risk of falls in older adults and what is in second place

A

^ time of reaction, decrease in m. strenght

29
Q

what factor can WE improve in relation to sarcopenia and frailty

A

with the lifestyle: low physical activity level (resistance training for example)

30
Q

what is the trend for m. mass, strength and disability in different individuals

A

early life, growth and development to maximize peak (young people)

adult life maintaining peak

older life, minimizing loss

31
Q

what is the disability threshold

A

a point in the curve that you reach when you can no longer live independently

32
Q

which training mode can decrease the risk of reaching the disability threshold

A

strength training

33
Q

what are the postural changes associated with frail older adults

A

forward head position
rounded shoulders
kyphosis (rounded back)
knee flexion

34
Q

can the progressive postural changes in older frail adults be reversed

A

can be reversed at early stages but at the last stages can only be slowed down

35
Q

gait changes in older adults (what increases and what decreases)

A

increase in:
- stance phase (time)

decrease in:

  • velocity (speed)
  • step length
  • step rate (cadence)
  • swing phase (time)
  • hip, knee and ankle flexion
  • power generation at push-off (plantar flexors are weaker)
36
Q

exercise recommendation for frail seniors: goals for aerobic mode

A

^ functional capacity and independence

37
Q

exercise recommendation for frail seniors: goals and recommendations for strength mode

A

goal: prevent or reverse frailty
recommendations: start program w/o weight: and add weight slowly

38
Q

exercise recommendation for frail seniors: goals for flexibility mode

A

prevent injury (ex: frozen shoulder)

39
Q

exercise recommendation for frail seniors: goals for neuromuscular mode

A

prevent falls

kcep final (9 decks)

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