Hypertension

Question 1

What other name is given to hypertension

Answer 1

silent killer

Question 2

what is hypertension

Answer 2

a cardiovascular problem in which the blood exerts a greater than normal force against the inner walls of the blood vessels

Question 3

what can be a cause of hypertension (general)

Answer 3

increase in blood volume and a vasoconstriction of the blood vessels

Question 4

what is a synonym of hypertension

Answer 4

high blood pressure

Question 5

what can hypertension cause and why

Answer 5

it can cause damage to the heart, brain, kidnys and eyes because of circulatory problems due to blood vessel damage

Question 6

which two conditions consists a major risk for death

Answer 6

stroke and heart attack

Question 7

what are the 2 mechanical causes of hypertension

Answer 7

increase in stroke volume

increase in peripheral resistance

Question 8

explain the increase in peripheral resistance

Answer 8

decrease of the vasodilation of the blood vessels

arterial walls become thickened, inelastic and resistant to blood flow

Question 9

t/f you have to have the 2 mechanical causes to increase the bp

Answer 9

false, one is good enough

Question 10

what is the incidence of hypertension in canada

Answer 10

20-25% have it

Question 11

how many people don’t know they have hypertension

Answer 11

1/3

Question 12

t/f mild and moderate hypertension present symptoms

Answer 12

false

Question 13

what are the symptoms of severe hypertension

Answer 13

blurred vision
severe headaches
confusion

Question 14

at what rank is hypertension for the risk factor for death in high-income countries (Canada)

Answer 14

2nd

Question 15

what is the value for an optimal bp

Answer 15

120/80 mmhg

Question 16

the systolic pressure represents

Answer 16

contraction phase

Question 17

the diastolic pressure represents

Answer 17

relaxation phase

Question 18

what facteors cause bp to rise temporarily

Answer 18

stress
smoking
exercise
caffeine

Question 19

why does systolic and diastolic bp rise in winter and drops in summer

Answer 19

bc the blood vessels constrict in the cold causing the heart to work harder to push the blood through the veins and arteries
bc you gain weight and do less exercise in winter

Question 20

what is the primary cause of hypertension

Answer 20

no specific medical cause can be found (90%)

it is believed to be 50% genetics 50% environment

Question 21

what are the secondary causes of hypertension (8)

Answer 21

pregnancy (rise in blood volume)
coarticatication of the aorta (narrowing of the aorta)
obesity
smoking
physical inactivity
high fat diet and high salt intake 
large amounts of alcohol
large stresses

Question 22

what makes hypertension worst

Answer 22

increase in peripheral resistance (secondary factors)

Question 23

what is the path/interraction between hypertension and atherosclerosis

Answer 23

high bp
arteries :walls swell & stretch
endothelial injury
attraction of ldl cholesterol and WBC
formation of plaque
atherosclerosis
major risk for death by stroke and heart attack

Question 24

name some risk factors for high bp in children

Answer 24

obesity
poor nutrition habit
family history

Question 25

what are the values of bp where hypertension begins

Answer 25

sys 140 | dias 90

Question 26

what category should be selected if one of the values of bp fall between 2 categories

Answer 26

the higher one to prevent

Question 27

what is needed more in the stages 3&4 of high bp than in the stages 1 & 2

Answer 27

medication

Question 28

what is the normal bp response to aerobic exercise

Answer 28

systolic: increase of 30-60 mmhg diastolic: no changes

Question 29

in order, what are the activities that cause an increase in systolic bp

Answer 29

rest aerobic exercise 2-arm heavy curl 2-leg press, heavy load

Question 30

what are the effects at rest of hypertensive participants doing aerobic training

Answer 30

drop in systolic bp of 5-7mmgh and in diastolic bp of 3-5 mmgh

Question 31

what are the effects on bp at rest of hypertensive individuals participating in dynamic resistance training

Answer 31

drop in bp by 2-3 mmgh in both systolic and diastolic bp

Question 32

what are the effects on bp at rest on hepertensive individuals participating in isometric resistance training

Answer 32

potential for the largest decrease in diastolic and systolic bp but increased risk of medical complications

Question 33

what ahppens to the bp if it is lowered of 2 mmhg

Answer 33

it lowers stroke risks by 14% and 17% and the risk of coronary artery disease by 9% and 6%

Question 34

what are the effects of moderate weight reduction on resting and exercise bp in overweight subjects

Answer 34

at rest: decrease in systolic bp | during exercise: decrease in sbp and dsp (stronger effect on sbp)

Question 35

what are the recommendations for exercise programming for hypertension

Answer 35

medication first for stages 3 and 4 endurance training lower intensity 40-70% is very good too

Question 36

when is exercise contraindicated with hypertension

Answer 36

when resting bp exceeds 200/115 mmhg | during exercise 225/90 mmhg (high risk)

Question 37

t/f high intensity isometric exercise and heavy strength training activities involving a valsalva effect are contraindicated

Answer 37

true

Question 38

what happens with medication during exercise

Answer 38

decrease in peripheral resistance by vasodilation and can produce post-exercise hypotension (dizziness, feeling faint)

Question 39

what is the main goal when managing hypertension

Answer 39

to control bp by the least intrusive means possible. bp should be lowered and maintained below 140/90 mmhg (stage 1)

Question 40

what are the best ways to control hypertension

Answer 40

``` medication healthy diet exercise management of emotional stress weight control ```

Question 41

healthy diet include what

Answer 41

focusing on fruits, vegetebles and low-fat dairy products, and especially lower the salt in diet

Question 42

how does diuretics pills work

Answer 42

by flushing excess water and sodium from the body thus lowering bp, which may be enough along with lifestyle changes to control your bp (stage 1)

Question 43

how do beta blockers work

Answer 43

by blocking certain nerves and hormonal signals to the heart and blood vessels, thus lowering bp

Question 44

how do calcium channel blockers work

Answer 44

prevent calcium form going into the heart and blood vessels muscle cells, thus causing the cells to relax, which lowers bp