Systemic conditions Flashcards
(46 cards)
What is anemia
reduction of RBC volume or hemoglobin concentration
Roles of iron (4)
Carries oxygen
Storage muscles
Transport of electrons
Helps with enzyme reactions
Insufficient amounts of ___ can interfere with vital function and lead to serious illness or even ___
Iron, death
Anemia reduces what (5)
- Maximum aerobic capacity
- Decreases physical work capacity at submax levels
- Increase lactic acidosis
Increases fatigue - Decreases time to exhaustion
S/S of anemia
Palpitations, fatigue, muscle burning, nausea, SOB, appetite for substances with little or no nutritional value, spoon shaped nails, drying scaling and fissures of lips, inflammation of tongue
Predisposing factors of anemia
Family history Poor diet Excessive menstrual flow/pregnancy/childbirth Chronic bleeding Disadvantaged socioeconomic background Chronic use of aspirin or NSAIDs Cancer Volunteer blood donor Diminished hepatic, renal or thyroid dysfunction
Iron deficiency anemia - Tx
Increase iron
Vitamin C
Avoid caffeine products
Most common nutritional deficiency worldwide
Iron deficiency anemia
Exercise-induced hemolytic anemia other name + cause
Runner’s anemia
Repetitive trauma that destroys the RBC
2 types of repetitive traumas in runner’s anemia
- foot strike hemolysis
2. intravascular hemolysis
What is sickle cell anemia + attributed to what?
Abnormalities in RBC
Inheriting an autosomal recessive gene or to possessing two sickle genes
Sickle cell gene is common in people whose origin is in ___ and _____
areas where malaria is widespread and black people
Can be mistaken for heat collapse or cardiac collapse
Often occurs first 30 min on the field
Sickle cell collapse
S/S of sickle cell anemia
Mainly asymptomatic
Treatment of sickle cell anemia
No cure, hydration is key, build up slowly with PA levels, more rest between reps, acclimatize to altitude and heat, control asthma
Heat cramp vs sickle cell - Heat cramping often has a prodrome of muscle twinges VS
none for sickling
Heat cramp vs sickle cell - The pain is different
Heat cramping pain is more excruciating
Heat cramp vs sickle cell - What stops the athlete is different
Heat crampers hobble to a halt with locked up muscles VS sickling players slump to the ground with weak muscles
Heat cramp vs sickle cell - Physical findings are different
Heat crampers writhe and yell in pain, with muscles visibly contracted and rock-hard VS sicklers lie fairly still, not yelling in pain, with muscles that look and feel normal
Heat cramp vs sickle cell - The response is different
Sickling players caught early and treated right recover faster than players with major heat cramping
Recognize what
Know your athlete
Adjust physical exertion, especially in the heat and altitude
Acclimatization
Hydration
Hemophilia
Bleeding disorder
Deficiency in clotting system
S/S of hemophilia
Large or deep bruises, joint pain and swelling caused by internal bleeding, intramuscular bleeding, blood in urine or stool and prolonged bleeding from procedures
Special considerations for hemophilia
Avoid contact sport/dangerous sport to prevent injuries like laceration, bruising, etc.
