Aging - Fisher

Question 1

(blank) agin is universal to all members of a species

Answer 1

primary

Question 2

Aging associated with disease, disuse, or abuse is (blank) aging

Answer 2

secondary

Question 3

Rapid losses that ocurr shortly before death is (blank) aging

Answer 3

Tertiary

Question 4

T/F: Late life are the psychological golden years

Answer 4

T

Question 5

What are some of the changes in behavior during the golden years?

Answer 5

More confidence
More empathy and generosity
Improved reliability and organizational skills
Improved problem solving
Improved emotion regulation
Less anxiety and negative affect 
More contentment

Question 6

T/F: Processing capacity decreases while world knowledge and vocabulary increase with aging

Answer 6

T

Question 7

is there a positive correlation between education and health outcomes?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

T/F: More psychological development occurs during adulthood than childhood

Answer 8

T

Question 9

T/F: young people more strongly prefer emotional ads than older people

Answer 9

F; old people like emotional ads waaaayyy more

Question 10

do older people have an easier time recalling knowledge related items or emotionally meaningful items?

Answer 10

emotionally meaningful

Question 11

Is the gain in world knowledge able to compensate in the decline of information processing?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Perceived time constrains on time motivate people to pursue what types of goals?

Answer 12

emotionally meaningful

Question 13

T/F: Motivation to pursue emotionally meaningful goals influences the allocation of cognitive resources to emotional information

Answer 13

T

Question 14

T/F: focusing on emotionally meaningful goals is good for one’s well-being

Answer 14

T

Question 15

When time is limited, what group of people do individuals want to spend time with?

Answer 15

Friends and family

Question 16

Do people make different choices when they perceive time as limited versus unlimited?

Answer 16

YES

Question 17

Are young adults able to accurately recognize information they have seen before regardless of content?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Are old adults able to accurately recognize information they have seen before regardless of content?

Answer 18

No, emotional content is more readily recognized

Question 19

Generally, as we age, do we tend to remember the good things or the bad things? What is this called?

Answer 19

The good things; the positivity bias

Question 20

In young people, Is there a statsitically significant difference in attention to positive and negative stimuli?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

In old people, Is there a statsitically significant difference in attention to positive and negative stimuli? What do they focus on?

Answer 21

Yes, they focus almost exclusively on the positive

Question 22

Greater contentment, calm, and more pleasure and less conflict in relationships are all upsides of the (blank) bias

Answer 22

positivity

Question 23

what age group has the lowest level of stress?

Answer 23

65 and older

Question 24

What age group has the highest level of stress?

Answer 24

45-64

Question 25

Describe the characteristics of an older couple in a long term marriage?

Answer 25

Less potential for conflict Better negotiation skills More potential for pleasure in several areas Equivalent levels of mental and physical health Fewer gender differences in sources of pleasure More positive emotions More empathic listening More patience and flexibility

Question 26

The lowest rates of psychopathology are found in (early/late) life

Answer 26

late

Question 27

Financial decision making, health care decision making, extra attention to *potential* benefits and less attention to potential risks are the downsides to a (blank) bias

Answer 27

positivity

Question 28

What are some of the concerns of older adults?

Answer 28

``` Health and well-being of loved ones Staying independent Avoiding living in a nursing home Financial concerns Enjoying a high quality of life (even in the context of chronic disease) Social support Spirituality Engagement in emotionally meaningful activity ```

Question 29

Describe the concept of "compression of morbidity"?

Answer 29

Average age one becomes disabled for the first time is postponed, causing the time between the onset of disability and death to be compressed into a shorter period of time

Question 30

Are nursing homes conducive to healthy aging? What factors play into its role in aging?

Answer 30

No; lack of privacy, lack of interaction with family and friends, forced to do all the things that the older mind no longer wants to do

Question 31

In an nursing home, when EVERYONE was interviewed--staff and residents--who had the highest rate of diagnosable psychiatric disorders?

Answer 31

The young people!!

Question 32

Elderly runners have fewer disabilities, longer lifespan, and (blank) [its a fraction] as likely to die an early death as nonrunners

Answer 32

half

Question 33

What is the effect of vigorous exercise on survival rates?

Answer 33

it increases them

Question 34

What is the effect of vigorous exercise on disability progression?

Answer 34

It slows it

Question 35

Medical care and rehab, medication, therapies, external supports, and physical and social environment are (internal/external) factors for health vs. disability

Answer 35

Extraindividual

Question 36

Lifestyle and behavior change, positive affect, spirituality, and making accommodations for activities are (internal/external) factors for health vs. disability

Answer 36

internal

Question 37

Should the doc assume the older person is not competent to consent, even if they have diagnosed dementia?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

Should you always immediately involve family in the care of an older person?

Answer 38

NO, ONLY with their consent

Question 39

Is there an age cutoff where healthy lifestyle changes will not longer impact morbidity?

Answer 39

No, its never too late!

Question 40

Promoting behavioral health by promoting healthy behavior, prescribing emotionally meaningful activity and increases healthy choicces are a way the doc can improve the (blank) of life

Answer 40

quality

Question 41

Do medical diagnoses predict depression and suicide?

Answer 41

No

Question 42

What factor is directly related with predicting depression and suicide?

Answer 42

functional impairment

Question 43

T/F: polypharmacy has no increased risk of adverse events

Answer 43

F

Question 44

What percent of nursing home elders have an adverse event?

Answer 44

67%

Question 45

What percent of elders in the hospital have an adverse event?

Answer 45

30%`

Question 46

What percent of elders in the community have an adverse event?

Answer 46

35%

Question 47

What is the estimated range of medication nonadherence?

Answer 47

30-60%

Question 48

Adherence becomes (less/more) likely as number of meds increases

Answer 48

less

Question 49

What are some strategies for increasing adherence?

Answer 49

1. Minimize number of meds 2. Provide written instructions 3. Link meds to daily events (brushing teeth) than a specific time 4. Communicate with other docs 5. Use the geriatric pharmacy med review service

Question 50

T/F: it is a priority to use restraint-free methods to control people with dementia

Answer 50

true

Question 51

What is excess disability?

Answer 51

When impairment exceeds what is expected to be due to the disease

Question 52

What is neurodegenerative dementia?

Answer 52

Premature reduction in behaviors

Question 53

Describe self-stigmatization during early phase dementia

Answer 53

1. Metamemory: Hypervigilant in monitoring performance 2. Social interaction becomes anxiety-provoking 3. Social withdrawal and isolation 4. Depression: Over 30% of patients in early stage

Question 54

What is the stigmatization by others experienced by pts with early stage dementia?

Answer 54

1. Discomfort in interactions 2. Corrective feedback during conversation 3. Assuming all behavior is due to the dementia

Question 55

Evironment becomes increasingly confusing and a deterioration in environmental control of behvior and behavioral disturbances happen when in dementia?

Answer 55

middle and late phase

Question 56

What are some of the behavioral disturbances of dementia?

Answer 56

Agression wandering paranoia disruptive vocalizations

Question 57

do the drugs for dementia stop progression?

Answer 57

No, it only slows it

Question 58

Do the drugs for dementia consistently help?

Answer 58

No, results are highly variable, lots of side effects

Question 59

What is the correlation between a dementia diagnosis and pain management?

Answer 59

Less pain medication given but more sedatives

Question 60

Are all behaviors of a patient caused by their dementia

Answer 60

No

Question 61

conventional antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics altered the death rate how in dementia?

Answer 61

Fucking increased it!

Question 62

What are some of the side effects of psychotropic interventions?

Answer 62

``` Sedation Increased cognitive impairment Incontinence Increased risk for falls Delirium Extrapyramidal symptoms Higher mortality rate ```

Question 63

Elder abuse is the infliction of (3):

Answer 63

1. pain 2. injury 3. mental anguish

Question 64

elder abuse is the deprivation of (3):

Answer 64

1. food 2. shelter 3. clothing or services necessary to maintain physical and mental health

Question 65

is elder abuse always willful/intended?

Answer 65

No, you may not realize how impaired your loved one is

Question 66

What percentage of cases of elder abuse occur within the family?

Answer 66

95%

Question 67

What percent of nursing homes are cited for abuse?

Answer 67

30%

Question 68

What fraction of elders are at risk for some type of abuse?

Answer 68

1 in 4

Question 69

What is the most common form of elder abuse?

Answer 69

neglect

Question 70

do you report elder abuse even when you're not sure its happening?

Answer 70

yes