Airway management and capnography

Question 1

What are the causes of airway obstruction?

Answer 1

Foreign bodies - Blood, teeth ect
Laryngeal - Spasam/ Obstruction
Bronchaeil - Secreations, spams and odoema

Question 2

What does a silent chest indicate?

Answer 2

Complete obstruction

Question 3

What noises indicate a partial obstruction?

Answer 3

Gurgling, Striddor, Wheeze and snoringn

Question 4

What noise is likely to indicate a lower airway obstruction?

Answer 4

Wheeze

Question 5

What are the key steps of treating a PT who is chocking, but still conscious?

Answer 5

• Encourage to cough
• 5 back slaps
• 5 Abdominal thrusts
• Repeat until unconscious or obstruction removed

Question 6

What is the correct position to deliver a back slap?

Answer 6

• Slightly bent over, with the arm to support to pt.
• Using the palm of the hand slap between the PT shoulder blades.

Question 7

When would you complete chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts?

Answer 7

In paediatrics under 1.

Question 8

What may be caused by CNS depression?

Answer 8

• Loss of airway patency
• Loss of protective reflexes

Question 9

How would you inspect the oropharynx?

Answer 9

Using a cross finger technique

Question 10

What are the methods of clearing an airway?

Answer 10

• Suction
• Postural drainage
• Magill forceps

Question 11

What are the 2 sizes of larygoscope blades?

Answer 11

Mac 2 - Child
Mac 4 - Adult

Question 12

What are the disadvantages of suction?

Answer 12

• Further oral trauma
• Further push obstruction
• Cause bradycardia due to the stimulation of the vagus nerve

Question 13

What type of suction catheter should be used whilst te vehicle is in motion?

Answer 13

• Soft tip

Question 14

What pressure should be used when using suction on paediatrics?

Answer 14

<120mmhg

Question 15

What are the indications for Laryngoscopy?

Answer 15

• Unconscious Pt, with a foreign body to ocluding the airway.

Question 16

What are the contraindications for larygoscopy?

Answer 16

• if the Pt can cough
• Conscious patients

Question 17

How is an OPA measured?

Answer 17

From the patients incisors to the jaw

Question 18

How is an NPA measured?

Answer 18

From the nose to the tragus

Question 19

Under what age do you not invert an OPA and why?

Answer 19

Under 8’s due to the development of the soft pallet

Question 20

What are the contra indications for an NPA?

Answer 20

• Recurrent epistaxisis
• Nasal polyps
• Not tolerated
• under 12’s (Due to adenoids)

Question 21

What sizes of Igel are used in paediatrics and neonates?

Answer 21

• Neonates - Pink (Size- 1)
• Paediatrics - Grey (Size - 2)

Question 22

What weight of patient is indicated for a size 5 (Orange) Igel?

Answer 22

• 90+ kg

Question 23

What weight of patient is indicated for a size 3 (Yellow) Igel?

Answer 23

30 - 60kg

Question 24

What what of patient is indicated for a size 4 (Green) Igel?

Answer 24

50-90kg

Question 25

Where does the cuff of the Igel seat?

Answer 25

- Proximal larygopharynx

Question 26

What should be checked once the Igel is inserted?

Answer 26

- Look for rise and fall of the chest - Auscultate the chest - Confirm EtCO2

Question 27

What 2 procedures can be used to assist with intubation?

Answer 27

- BURP - Cricoid pressure

Question 28

What are the 2 types of BVM Grip ?

Answer 28

- CE - 2 Person grip

Question 29

How is a tidal volume calculated on a parapack?

Answer 29

7ml per kg of person

Question 30

What needs to be altered if the parapac presents with a high pressure alarm?

Answer 30

- Decrease tidal volume - Check for obstruction

Question 31

Define "Capnohraphy"

Answer 31

The measurement of CO2 in the expired breath.

Question 32

Define "Capnometry"

Answer 32

The numeric measurement of CO2

Question 33

Define "End tidal CO2".

Answer 33

The level of PaCo2 released at the end of expiration (In kPa)

Question 34

What is the normal range for end tidal Co2?

Answer 34

4.5-6

Question 35

What does the box waveform demonstate?

Answer 35

- Good placement of airway - Confirmation of adequate compressions - Effective ventialtions

Question 36

What factors effect EtCo2?

Answer 36

- Cell metabolism - Venous return - Pulmonary circulation - Pulmonary Ventilation.

Question 37

What does a prolonged respiratory phase (Shark fin) show?

Answer 37

- Astha/COPD - Slow Exhalation