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AAP Upskill > Cardiovascular system A and P > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system A and P Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the cardio-vascular system?

A
  • Heart
  • Blood
  • Vessles
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2
Q

What are the functions of the cardio-vascular system?

A
  • Transport nutrients
  • Removal of waste products
  • hormonal control
  • Regulation/Distribution of temperature
  • Reproduction
  • Host defence
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3
Q

What is the right side of the heart responsible for?

A
  • Blood delivery to the lungs,
  • Transport of deoxygenated blood
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4
Q

What is the left side of the heart responsible for?

A
  • Transporting oxygenated blood around the body
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5
Q

Which type of blood vessels are high pressure?

A

Arteries, due to being narrower

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6
Q

What prevents backflow in the cardio-vascular system?

A
  • Valves
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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A
  • Pericardium
  • myocardium
  • Endocardium
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8
Q

What are the main arteries that supply blood to the heart?

A
  • Right coronary
  • Left main
  • Left anterior descending
  • Circumflex
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9
Q

When a PT presents with a Bundle branch block, what area of the heart is affected?

A
  • Bundle of His, Branch refers to the bundle that is affected
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10
Q

What is the path of electrical activity within the heart?

A
  • Sino-atrial node
  • Atrial-Ventricular node
  • Down the bundle of his
  • Up the purkinjie fibers
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11
Q

Define “Stroke Volme”.

A

The volume of blood pumped from the heart with each ventricular contraction.

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12
Q

When someone presents with AF, what causes the removal of P wave?

A
  • No electrical activity from the SAN
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13
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged 18 and over?

A

51-100

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14
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged 5-12?

A

80-120

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15
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged 2-5?

A

95-140

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16
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged 1-2?

A

110-150

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17
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged <1?

A

110-160

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18
Q

What is the average stroke volume for an adult?

A

70ml

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19
Q

What factors affect stroke volume

A

Preload + Contratility - After load

20
Q

Define “Preload”.

A

Diastolic face, the ventricles filling with venous blood

21
Q

Define “Contractility”.

A

Systolic ejection from the ventricles.

22
Q

Define “after load”.

A

Resistance to systolic ejection, some blood left behind

23
Q

Define “Cardiac output”.

A

The volume of blood pumped from the heart in a minute.

24
Q

How do you calculate Cardiac output?

A

CO = Stroke volume x heart rate

25
Q

Where are the baroreceptors that detect BP changes found?

A

In the aortic arch and the carotid sinus

26
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A
  • To Carry O2 and CO2
  • To carry Nutrients and water
  • To carry waste products
  • To distribute heat
  • To distribute glandular secretions
  • To protect from infection
  • To seal wounds
27
Q

What % of blood is made up by plasma?

A

55%

28
Q

What % of the blood is made up by haemocrit?

A

45%

29
Q

What % of the blood is made up by White blood cells?

A

<1%

30
Q

Where are red blood cells produced?

A

In the bone mrrow

31
Q

How long does it take for red blood cells to form?

A

7 days

32
Q

How long do red blood cells last for?

A

120 days

33
Q

Which cells within blood do not contain nucleus?

A
  • Red blood cells
  • Platelets
34
Q

Where are red blood cells destroyed?

A

The liver, spleen and bone marrow

35
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A
  • To fight infection
36
Q

What is the life span of white blood cells?

A

Days - hours

37
Q

What is the composition of plasma?

A
  • 92% water
  • 8% solutes
38
Q

What is the purpose of thrombocytes?

A

Repair damage,
To release chemicals that promote clotting

39
Q

Where are thrombocytes destroyed?

A
  • Liver/Spleen
40
Q

Which blood vessel type contains Valves?

A

Veins

41
Q

What is the path of blood through the body?

A

Arteries - Arterioles - Capillaries - Venules - Veins

42
Q

Define “Pulse Pressure”.

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

43
Q

Where can the adventitia found?

A

Outside of the blood vessle

44
Q

What is BP maintained by?

A
  • Cardiac output
  • Peripheral resistance
  • Blood volume
  • Viscosity of the blood
  • Elasticity of the blood vessels
45
Q

At what value is essential hypertension considered in a non diabetic patient?

A

140/ 90

46
Q

At what value is essential hypertension considered in a diabetic patient?

A

130/ 80

47
Q

What may influence blood pressure?

A
  • Pre load
  • Myocardial contratility
  • Blood vessel elasticity
  • Nervous control
  • Extremes of heart
  • Hyperventilation during positive pressure ventilation

AAP Upskill (28 decks)

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