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AAP Upskill > Cardiovascular system A and P > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system A and P Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the cardio-vascular system?

A
  • Heart
  • Blood
  • Vessles
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2
Q

What are the functions of the cardio-vascular system?

A
  • Transport nutrients
  • Removal of waste products
  • hormonal control
  • Regulation/Distribution of temperature
  • Reproduction
  • Host defence
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3
Q

What is the right side of the heart responsible for?

A
  • Blood delivery to the lungs,
  • Transport of deoxygenated blood
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4
Q

What is the left side of the heart responsible for?

A
  • Transporting oxygenated blood around the body
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5
Q

Which type of blood vessels are high pressure?

A

Arteries, due to being narrower

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6
Q

What prevents backflow in the cardio-vascular system?

A
  • Valves
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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A
  • Pericardium
  • myocardium
  • Endocardium
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8
Q

What are the main arteries that supply blood to the heart?

A
  • Right coronary
  • Left main
  • Left anterior descending
  • Circumflex
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9
Q

When a PT presents with a Bundle branch block, what area of the heart is affected?

A
  • Bundle of His, Branch refers to the bundle that is affected
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10
Q

What is the path of electrical activity within the heart?

A
  • Sino-atrial node
  • Atrial-Ventricular node
  • Down the bundle of his
  • Up the purkinjie fibers
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11
Q

Define “Stroke Volme”.

A

The volume of blood pumped from the heart with each ventricular contraction.

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12
Q

When someone presents with AF, what causes the removal of P wave?

A
  • No electrical activity from the SAN
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13
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged 18 and over?

A

51-100

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14
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged 5-12?

A

80-120

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15
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged 2-5?

A

95-140

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16
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged 1-2?

A

110-150

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17
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a patient aged <1?

A

110-160

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18
Q

What is the average stroke volume for an adult?

A

70ml

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19
Q

What factors affect stroke volume

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A

Preload + Contratility - After load

20
Q

Define “Preload”.

Study These Flashcards
A

Diastolic face, the ventricles filling with venous blood

21
Q

Define “Contractility”.

Study These Flashcards
A

Systolic ejection from the ventricles.

22
Q

Define “after load”.

Study These Flashcards
A

Resistance to systolic ejection, some blood left behind

23
Q

Define “Cardiac output”.

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A

The volume of blood pumped from the heart in a minute.

24
Q

How do you calculate Cardiac output?

Study These Flashcards
A

CO = Stroke volume x heart rate

25
Where are the baroreceptors that detect BP changes found?
In the aortic arch and the carotid sinus
26
What are the functions of blood?
- To Carry O2 and CO2 - To carry Nutrients and water - To carry waste products - To distribute heat - To distribute glandular secretions - To protect from infection - To seal wounds
27
What % of blood is made up by plasma?
55%
28
What % of the blood is made up by haemocrit?
45%
29
What % of the blood is made up by White blood cells?
<1%
30
Where are red blood cells produced?
In the bone mrrow
31
How long does it take for red blood cells to form?
7 days
32
How long do red blood cells last for?
120 days
33
Which cells within blood do not contain nucleus?
- Red blood cells - Platelets
34
Where are red blood cells destroyed?
The liver, spleen and bone marrow
35
What is the function of white blood cells?
- To fight infection
36
What is the life span of white blood cells?
Days - hours
37
What is the composition of plasma?
- 92% water - 8% solutes
38
What is the purpose of thrombocytes?
Repair damage, To release chemicals that promote clotting
39
Where are thrombocytes destroyed?
- Liver/Spleen
40
Which blood vessel type contains Valves?
Veins
41
What is the path of blood through the body?
Arteries - Arterioles - Capillaries - Venules - Veins
42
Define "Pulse Pressure".
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
43
Where can the adventitia found?
Outside of the blood vessle
44
What is BP maintained by?
- Cardiac output - Peripheral resistance - Blood volume - Viscosity of the blood - Elasticity of the blood vessels
45
At what value is essential hypertension considered in a non diabetic patient?
140/ 90
46
At what value is essential hypertension considered in a diabetic patient?
130/ 80
47
What may influence blood pressure?
- Pre load - Myocardial contratility - Blood vessel elasticity - Nervous control - Extremes of heart - Hyperventilation during positive pressure ventilation

AAP Upskill (28 decks)

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