Alcohol Formative Flashcards
(39 cards)
Fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver is mediated by which inflammatory cell?
Hepatic Stellate Cells
Persistent Vomiting may result in…?
Metabolic Alkalosis
In the case of Pyloric Sphincter Stenosis, only gastric content (acid) will be lost and NOT duodenal (alkaline) content
Which clotting factor is NOT made in the liver?
Clotting Factor 8.
Clotting factors 10, 9, 7 and 2 are all made in the liver.
Where does aspiration pneumonia typically occur?
Superior Aspect of Lower Lobe of Right Lung.
Persistent vomiting causing a gastric tear is known as…?
Boerhaave Syndrome.
Alcohol confers the strongest risk for…?
Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Drinking 1.5units/day increases risk by 30%. Moreover, with smoking, risk increases too.
The recommended alcohol intake per week is…?
14 units of alcohol a week.
This is the same for men and women.
Alkaline Phosphatase is concentrated in the lungs.
True or false?
False.
ALP is found in the liver, bone, kidney, placenta and small intestine.
Treatments intended to manage ascites in cirrhosis aim to reduce…?
Sodium Levels
Where sodium goes, fluid goes (Theory of Osmolarity) - treatment used is Spironolactone which reduces Sodium levels but spares Potassium levels.
Alcohol is associated with an accumulation of…?
Lipids in hepatocytes - Think Steatosis.
A patient with LFTs showing to have normal GGT, ALT and AST but high ALP is most likely to have…?
Bone Disease.
Raised ALP WITH raised GGT indicates liver damage.
Jaundice as a result of alcoholic hepatitis is caused by an accumulation of…?
Unconjugated Bilirubin.
Due to impaired function of the liver preventing hepatocytes from converting bilirubin from unconjugated to conjugated.
Alcohol consumption from the body can be sped up.
True or false?
False. It really is a matter of time.
Is Caput Medusa associated with Alcohol?
Yes, occurs as a result of Portal Hypertension from a damaged liver.
In general, females become more rapidly intoxicated than males because…?
They have lower Alcohol Dehydrogenase.
Women also have lower lean body mass, lower fluid compartments to allow for circulating volume and higher levels of fat.
The liver enzyme AST is short for?
Aspartate Aminotransferase.
The liver enzyme ALT is short for?
Alanine Aminotransferase.
Microscopically, hepatocytes are bordered by…?
The Space of Disse.
This is the space between the hepatocyte and Portal Triads, particularly the Sinusoids of the Hepatic Artery and Portal Vein.
Antabuse (Disulfiram) is a drug that works by inhibiting…?
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase.
This prevents the conversion of Acetaldehyde into Acetate, making drinking much less pleasurable. However, new studies are showing that the effects of Acetaldehyde to lessen the desire to drink are not as strong as originally thought.
The term ‘Inotrope’ refers to…?
Cardiac Contractility.
Acute Pancreatitis is associated with Steroid Use.
True or false?
True, remember the acronym IGETSMASHED:
Idiopathic Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Scorpion rings Mumps/Malignancies Autoimmune Steroids Hyperglycaemia, Hyperlipidaemia ERCP Drugs
Alcohol is known to be associated with Alzheimer’s Dementia.
True or false?
True.
This is due to the depressant effect alcohol has on the CNS as well as the sudden jolts/movements/falls that occur when drunk which can cause injury to the head and therefore, brain.
Alcohol is initially metabolised by Alcohol Dehydrogenase.
True or false?
True, to be converted into Acetaldehyde
What kind of Shock may someone suffering from Haematemesis have?
Hypovolaemic Shock due to the loss of blood.
