Does the solubility of alcohols increase or decrease as chain length increases?
It decreases as chain length increases.
Why do alcohols have higher boiling points than their corresponding alkanes?
Because of hydrogen bonds formed between -OH groups of alcohols. Alkanes have van der Waal forces which are weaker than hydrogen bonds.
Write the equation for the reaction between alcohols and reactive metal Na.
2ROH + 2Na —> 2RONa + H2
What can alcohols not react with?
hydroxides, oxides and carbonates
Write the equation for esterification of alcohols.
________________________O
||
R’COOH + ROH —> R’ - C - O - R + H2o
What are the conditions for esterification of alcohols?
heat in reflux and conc H2SO4
Write the equation for the reaction between PCl5 and alcohol.
ROH + PCl5 —> RCl + POCl3 + HCl
Write the equation for the reaction between SOCl2 and alcohol.
ROH + SOCl2 —> RCl + SO2 + HCl
Write the equation the reaction between alcohol and HX.
ROH _ HX —> RX + H2O
What are the conditions for the reaction between ROH and HX
NaX, heat and conc H2SO4
Write the equation for the Lucas Test.
ROH + HCl —> RCl + H2O
(white ppt)
What are the conditions for the Lucas Test?
ZnCl2 and heat
What is observed when the Lucas Test is conducted on primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols?
primary - NO cloudiness unless heated
secondary - cloudiness after 5 mins
tertiary - immediate cloudiness
What is dehydration of alcohols?
alcohol - H2O = alkene
What are the three conditions for dehydration of alcohols?
1) conc H2SO4 at 180 C
2) Al2O3 and heat
3) conc H3PO4 and heat
What are the possible reagents for oxidation of alcohols?
KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 with heat
What is formed when a primary alcohol is oxidised?
primary –> aldehyde –> carboxylic acid
What is formed when a secondary alcohol is oxidised?
secondary –> ketone
