Alexander II Later Reforms Flashcards
(27 cards)
What event in 1865 significantly affected Alexander II’s reforms?
The death of Alexander’s eldest son and heir
This event triggered a conservative phase in Alexander’s rule.
What was the significance of the assassination attempts on Alexander II in 1866 and 1867?
They marked increasing threats to his life and prompted a shift towards conservatism.
What happened in 1879 concerning an assassination attempt on Alexander II?
A student fired at Alexander five times but missed.
What was the outcome of the bomb intended for Alexander II in December 1879?
It was planted on the wrong train.
What close call did Alexander II experience in 1880?
A mine placed under his dining room nearly killed him.
What was Tolstoy’s view on education during Alexander II’s reign?
He believed tight control over education was necessary to eradicate Western liberal ideas.
What changes occurred to the powers of the Zemstva over education?
Their powers were reduced.
Which institution regained control over local schools during Alexander II’s later reforms?
The Church.
What type of curriculum was reinstated in schools?
A traditional curriculum.
Who could advance to university under Alexander II’s educational reforms?
Only students at higher schools.
What was the effect of Alexander II’s reforms on universities?
They were forced into a more traditional curriculum.
What happened to censorship during Alexander II’s later years?
It was re-tightened.
What was established to extend Tsar control over education?
More state teacher-training colleges.
Who strengthened the police during Alexander II’s later reforms?
Shavalov.
What was Paklen’s role as the new Justice Minister?
He ensured the judicial system made an example of those accused of political agitation.
What powers were given to Governor-Generals established in 1879?
Powers to prosecute in military courts.
What was the outcome of the ‘open trials’ held by Paklen?
They backfired and were stopped in 1878.
What was the verdict in the Trial of 193?
A sympathetic jury acquitted 153 of 193 defendants.
Who shot and seriously wounded the Governor-General of St Petersburg?
Vera Zesulich.
What was the result of Vera Zesulich’s trial?
She was found ‘not guilty’.
What did the Loris-Melikov Constitution entail regarding censorship?
Censorship was reduced.
What significant action did Loris-Melikov take regarding political prisoners?
He released political prisoners.
What tax was removed under the Loris-Melikov reforms?
The salt tax.
What happened to the Third Section (secret police)?
It was abolished.
