Social life in Russia Flashcards
(21 cards)
How much did the number of factory workers increase from 1900 to 1913 in Russia?
It trebled.
How much did the urban population in Russia grow from 1860 to 1917?
From 7 million to 28 million.
What percentage of St Petersburg’s population were peasants by 1914?
75%
What were urban living conditions like in early 20th-century Russia?
Inadequate housing, poor sanitation, and overcrowding.
How many urban dwellers died of cholera in 1908–09?
30,000
What percentage of wages did rents often account for in urban Russia?
50%
How much did women earn compared to men and what fraction of the workforce did they make up?
Half the wage; one-third of the working population.
What labor legislation was introduced in Russia in 1892?
Employment of children under 12 was banned.
What legislation was introduced in 1912 regarding workers’ welfare?
Sickness and accident insurance.
What improvements were made to factory inspections in 1903?
Increased efficiency
What percentage of primary school provision was achieved from 1905–1914?
85%
How many strikes were recorded by 1914, and how did the government respond?
3574 strikes, with a repressive government response.
What happened during the Lena Goldfield Massacre in 1912?
Strikers were fired on by the Imperial Army, causing casualties.
What was the impact of the Lena Goldfield Massacre on Russian society?
Stimulated revolutionary feeling, similar to Bloody Sunday.
What type of farming persisted in 90% of Russian land?
Strip farming
Who were the kulaks and what did they do?
Wealthier peasants who lent money to poorer peasants.
What was the 1896 government initiative for peasants in Siberia?
A works scheme that moved 3.5 million people.
Which areas supported the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution?
Poorer areas
What was the state of healthcare and military eligibility in rural Russia?
Poor healthcare meant many were ineligible for military service.
What was Russia’s literacy rate and education quality like in rural areas?
Literacy rate was 60%, but education was poor.
How did rural people feel about the church and Tsar?
Their loyalty remained largely unblemished.
