Alexander III Reforms Flashcards
(19 cards)
What was the role of the Land Captain introduced in 1889?
They could override zemstvo decisions/elections and were responsible for rural law enforcement.
How did Alexander III reduce peasant influence in local government?
Changed elections to reduce peasant votes and redirected their focus to social services.
What happened to zemstva under Alexander III?
Placed under strict central government control.
What financial relief was given to peasants in 1881?
Reduction of redemption fees; serf debt in 37 provinces was cancelled.
What was the Peasants Land Bank (1883)?
Established to help peasants buy land.
How did Alexander III shift the tax burden in 1885?
Abolished the poll tax and introduced inheritance tax.
How did Alexander III expand policing?
Increased police numbers, added criminal investigation branches, and recruited spies.
What powers did the 1882 Statute on Police Surveillance grant?
Extended police controls; arrestees had no judicial representation.
How were judges’ roles changed in 1885?
Minister of Justice could dismiss judges.
What happened to court sessions in 1887?
Ministry could hold closed sessions.
How were judges appointed by 1889?
Ministry of Justice controlled appointments.
What criteria were used for university appointments after 1884?
Religiousness, patriotism, and moral orientation” over academic merit.
How were student gatherings restricted?
Forbidden in groups larger than five.
What was the literacy rate in 1897?
21%
How did censorship change under Alexander III?
Publications could be shut down, editors banned for life; arts enforced Russification.
Who was in control of primary education
The church
What was the peasants land bank?
Financial institution to allow peasants to own their own farms
Why was the peasant land bank weak?
Lack of funding, poor interest rates
What financial minister extended land bank?
Stoylpin
