Alkanes And Alkenes

Question 1

What are 4 feautures of a hydrocarbon as it gets larger

Answer 1

-more viscous (flows less easy)
-higher boiling point
-less volatile
-less easily ignited

Question 2

How can crude oil be separated?

Answer 2

Fractional distillation

Question 3

In fractional distillation, what is collected at different temps

Answer 3

-cooler temps have short chain hydrocarbons (e.g propane and gasoline)
-hotter temps have long chain hydrocarbons (e.g fuel oil for electricity and bitumen for roads)

Question 4

In fractional distillation, what is collected at 70 degrees

Answer 4

Gasoline/petrol for cars

Question 5

In fractional distillation, what is collected at 25 degrees

Answer 5

Propane, butane and petroleum gas

Question 6

In fractional distillation, what is collected at 260 degrees

Answer 6

Kerosene (jet fuel)

Question 7

In fractional distillation, what is collected at 300 degrees

Answer 7

Diesel oil (for cars and large vehicles )

Question 8

In fractional distillation, what is collected at 360 degrees

Answer 8

Fuel oil for electricity

Question 9

What is a saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 9

Alkanes that only contain single bonds

Question 10

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 10

Hydrocarbons with double bonds

Question 11

What is released during combustion of hydrocarbon fuels

Answer 11

-carbon
-hydrogen
-sulfur (mostly)

Question 12

What is the general equation for alkanes

Answer 12

Cn H2n+2

Question 13

What is the general equation for alkenes

Answer 13

Cn H2n

Question 14

What is the equation for methane

Answer 14

CH4

Question 15

What is the equation for ethane

Answer 15

C2H6

Question 16

What is the equation for propane

Answer 16

C3H8

Question 17

What is the equation for butane

Answer 17

C4H10

Question 18

What is the equation for ethene

Answer 18

C2H4

Question 19

What is the equation for propene

Answer 19

C3H6

Question 20

What is the equation for butene

Answer 20

C4H8

Question 21

What is the name of the process to break down long chain hydrocarbons

Answer 21

Cracking

Question 22

What is cracking?

Answer 22

Cracking is a way to break down long chain hydrocarbons molecules into smaller hydrocarbons

Question 23

What is the benefit of cracking?

Answer 23

-it breaks down long hydrocarbons into smaller ones
-smaller hydrocarbons are in higher demand for things like car fuel so cracking creates more of it

Question 24

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 24

When hydrogen is added to an alkene to produce an alkane

Question 25

What happened when ethene is mixed with bromine water

Answer 25

It turns from orange brown to colourless

Question 26

What happened when Ethane is mixed with bromine water?

Answer 26

It stays from orange brown to an orange brown solution

Question 27

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids

Answer 27

-COOH

Question 28

What is the functional group of Esters

Answer 28

-COO

Question 29

What functional groups are combined to for amino acids?

Answer 29

The amine group and carboxyl group

Question 30

What is the functional group of ethanes

Answer 30

-OH

Question 31

What is addition polymerisation?

Answer 31

When unsaturated alkenes/ monomers are combined in chains to form an polymers (long chain molecules)

Question 32

What is a monomer?

Answer 32

Small molecules with double bonds which can also join together and form polymers

Question 33

What is a polymer?

Answer 33

Long chain molecules

Question 34

What is a thermosoftening polymer?

Answer 34

A polymer that softens on heating due to weak intermolecular forces and bad structure

Question 35

What is a thermosetting polymer

Answer 35

A polymer that doesn’t melt when heated due to strong intermolecular forces and structure (cross links)

Question 36

What is condensation polymerisation

Answer 36

Monomers join together to firm large polymer molecules and lose molecules like water as by products

Question 37

What is a peptide link?

Answer 37

The bond formed between the carboxyl groups and amino groups when amino acids join together

Question 38

What is a diol?

Answer 38

Molecules with two hydroxyl, OH groups

Question 39

What is the simplest polymer?

Answer 39

When diols join with dicarboxylic acids

Question 40

What is a closed system?

Answer 40

No reactants are added and no products are removed from a reaction