alkenes

Question 1

what types of alkenes molecules

Answer 1

unsaturated hydrocarbons

Question 2

alkenes features

Answer 2

no rings
double carbon bond
hydrocarbons

Question 3

general formula of alkenes

Answer 3

CnH2n

Question 4

how to put number when naming alkenes

Answer 4

put number after prefix of longest chanin of carbons and before suffix ene

Question 5

low number priority for methyl or alkene

Answer 5

alkene over methyl

Question 6

main chain of alkenes

Answer 6

must include double bond

Question 7

properties of alkenes

Answer 7

non polar
only have van der waal
as length increases number of electrons increases
melting and boiling point increases
insoluble in water
4 electrons in double bond
high electron density

Question 8

what prevents alkenes from moving

Answer 8

double bonds

Question 9

what bonds do double bonds have

Answer 9

sigma and pi bond

Question 10

how can alkenes rotate

Answer 10

breaking pi bond
requires energy or photons

Question 11

rotation of pi bonds

Answer 11

restricted

Question 12

stererisomers

Answer 12

same structural formula but different spacial arrangments

Question 13

structural isomerism

Answer 13

same molecular but different different structural

Question 14

substituent

Answer 14

atom or group of atoms which could be replaced by a hydrogen atom

Question 15

z isomer

Answer 15

substituents on same side of molecule

Question 16

e isomer

Answer 16

substituents on different side of molecule

Question 17

CIP rule

Answer 17

-look at end of bond with 2 substituents
one with higher atomic number gets priority

Question 18

isomers with 4 substituents

Answer 18

look on both sides and see priority atoms
compare positions of substituents relative to each other
if tie consider atoms further away

Question 19

how to test for alkenes

Answer 19

use reddish brownish bromine that turns colourless when added to solution with double bonds

Question 20

product of reaction of alkene and bromine

Answer 20

alkene plus bromine- bromine is 2 carbon bromine and hydrogen molecule

Question 21

equation for bromine and alkene reaction

Answer 21

alkene plus br2 = alkenebr2

Question 22

equation of alkene and hydrogen bromide

Answer 22

alkene + HBr = alkene plus 1 H and Br

Question 23

equation for alkene and sulfuric acid

Answer 23

alkene + H2SO4 = alkene plus H and S

Question 24

intermediate molecule with electrophillic addition

Answer 24

carboncation molecule
ions of whatever

Question 25

steps of bromine electrohpilic addition

Answer 25

-alkene with H-Br -double bond arrow to H -arrow from bond to Br broken alkane with H and carbon cation Cation arrow to Br-

Question 26

oxygen hydrogen bonds

Answer 26

polar

Question 27

steps of sulfuric acid mechanism electrophillic addition

Answer 27

-double bond of alkene to hydrogen of H2so4 -hydrogen oxygen bond breaks -electron goes to oxygen -alkane with carbon cation -H2so4 without extra hydrogen and oxygen lone pairs -oxygen pairs with cation cabron -final product ethyl hydrogen sulfate

Question 28

unsymetrical and symetrical alkenes

Answer 28

ethene symetrical propene not

Question 29

major product formed

Answer 29

when pi bond broken hydrogen or molecule bonds to carbon with more hydrogens -can work out major product

Question 30

minor product

Answer 30

small amount of substance formed

Question 31

how are carbocations more stable

Answer 31

the more alkyl groups the carbons bonded to the n=more stable it is alkyl is CH2 or Ch3

Question 32

how do alkyl groups stabalise carboncations

Answer 32

donate electron density to positive carbon to stabalise

Question 33

primary carbon cation

Answer 33

one alkyl group

Question 34

secondary carbocation

Answer 34

2 alkyl groups

Question 35

tertiary carbocation

Answer 35

3 alkyl groups or more most stable

Question 36

addition polymer

Answer 36

marcomolecule that can be broken down to make alkenes vice versa

Question 37

addition polymerisation

Answer 37

alkenes formed to make macromolecules

Question 38

forces of macromolecules

Answer 38

intermolecular forces string because long molecules

Question 39

how to name polymers

Answer 39

take name of monomer around brackets and add poly infront

Question 40

double bonds in polyethene

Answer 40

none all broken in polymerisation

Question 41

why are polymers strong

Answer 41

lots of electrons strong van der wall forces

Question 42

forces between polymers

Answer 42

-dipole dipole hydrogen bonds van der waal

Question 43

why does addition polymerisaiton take place

Answer 43

unsaturated alkenes less stable than saturated

Question 44

how to draw polymers

Answer 44

draw double bonds together -side chains above take put double bonds

Question 45

PVC

Answer 45

Cl more electronegative partial negative charge polar bond -rigidity dipole dipole van der waal

Question 46

flexible PVC

Answer 46

spacer which separates bonds of PVC no dipole dipole

Question 47

plastaciser

Answer 47

separates PVC flexible