carboxylic acids

Question 1

what is a carboxylic acid

Answer 1

alcohol group bonded to a carbonyl group

Question 2

equation for carboxylic acids and carbonates

Answer 2

-2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 = 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H20

Question 3

test for carboxylic acids

Answer 3

carbonates
-observe fizzing because of carbon dioxide produced

Question 4

what happens if 2 molecules of water are next to carboxylic acids

Answer 4

hydrogen bonds form as oxygens have lone pairs and partial negative charges

Question 5

properties of COOH

Answer 5

soluble in water
higher melting points because they form dimers

Question 6

dimer

Answer 6

when two molecules hydrogen bond together

Question 7

carboxylic acid with metal

Answer 7

forms salt and hydrogen

Question 8

methanoic acid and sodium oxide reaction

Answer 8

form sodium methanoate and water

Question 9

methanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate to form

Answer 9

sodium methanoate
-water
carbon dioxide

Question 10

COOH react with metal oxides and hydroxides to form

Answer 10

metal salts and water

Question 11

COOH react with metal carbonates to form

Answer 11

metal salts
-water
-carbon dioxide

Question 12

carboxylic acid ion

Answer 12

ethanoate ion eg

Question 13

carboxylate ions

Answer 13

butanoate
propanoate
ethanoate

Question 14

when to carboxylate ions form

Answer 14

found in salts produced when carboxylic acids react with metals
metal oxides or hydroxides
or metal carbonates

Question 15

how do carboxylic acids act as acids

Answer 15

they lose hydrogen ions aka lose protons
-they lose hydrogen which leaves oxygen with negative charge but molecule more stable because electrons delocalized and charge spread between double bonded oxygen and oxygen from alcohol and carbon

Question 16

structural formula of simple ester

Answer 16

HCOOCH3

Question 17

ethanoic acid and ethanol products of reaction

Answer 17

ester and water

Question 18

formation of esters

Answer 18

carboxylic acids+ alcohol = ester + water

Question 19

what acids could we use as reagents when forming esters

Answer 19

HCL
-H2SO4

Question 20

conditions for making esters

Answer 20

concentrated drops of sulfuric acid and heat reaction

Question 21

naming esters

Answer 21

treat chain with first carbon with highest priority
-only make root name from carbons until double bond
-number of carbons plus anoate as root of name eg ethanoate
-propylethanoate
-or eg propyl 4-methylpentanoate

Question 22

whats the alcohol part

Answer 22

the shortest part next to the ester functional group that comes first in the name

Question 23

type of reaction between forming esters

Answer 23

reversible reaction

Question 24

conditiions required for hydrolysis of esters

Answer 24

presence of strong acid
-acid catalyst

Question 25

products when propyl methanoate is hydrolysed by sodium hydroxide

Answer 25

sodium methanoate

Question 26

hydrolysis of ester under acidic conditions products

Answer 26

acid catalyst -results in acid and alcohol

Question 27

alkaline conditions for hydrolysis of ester products

Answer 27

-salt -alcohol -alkali consumed in reaction -non reversible- no equilibrium

Question 28

name of molecule with 2 hydroxyl groups

Answer 28

diol

Question 29

IUPAC name for glycerol

Answer 29

propane-1,2,3-triol

Question 30

difference between oil and fat

Answer 30

oil liquid at room temp and fat solid

Question 31

is an ester an oil or fat

Answer 31

fat -melting point 32

Question 32

uses of esters

Answer 32

moisturisers -medicine -biodiesel

Question 33

best fuels made from which esters

Answer 33

methyl esters

Question 34

why is fuel from esters better than other fuel

Answer 34

because is releases less pollutants and is more efficient

Question 35

reaction to produce methyl ester and glycerol

Answer 35

ester plus alcohol = glycerol plus ester

Question 36

how is biodiesel produced

Answer 36

made of molecules that are esters -formed by carboxylic acids with long chains and alcohols with short chains -produced by reacting vegetable oil methanol in the presence of a strong alkali catalyst

Question 37

carboxylic acid derivatives

Answer 37

acyl chlorides -acid anhydrides -esters

Question 38

carboxyl group derives from carboxylic acid

Answer 38

acyl group

Question 39

acid chlorides

Answer 39

molecules with chlorine next to carboxyl group

Question 40

general formula for acyl chlorides

Answer 40

RCOCL

Question 41

equation between ethanoic acid and sulfurous dichloride

Answer 41

CH3COOH + SOCL2 = CH3COCL + SO2 + HCL

Question 42

shape of SOCL2

Answer 42

trigonal pyramidal -bond angle 107

Question 43

naming acyl chlorides

Answer 43

-root number of carbons next to double bond oxygen -add noyal chloride -eg ethanoyl chloride

Question 44

acid anhydride

Answer 44

2 carboxylic acids and remove 2H and O -product acid anhydride - because dehydrated -reversible reaction

Question 45

naming acid anhydrides

Answer 45

first name number of carbons and name as propanoic or ethanoic and anhydride at the end

Question 46

definition for acid anhydrides

Answer 46

two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom -or 2 carbonyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom

Question 47

general formula for acid anhydrides

Answer 47

R1COOCOR2

Question 48

properties of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides

Answer 48

-smell of acids they are dervied from -react with water

Question 49

acyl chloride reaction with water

Answer 49

produces ethanoic acid and HCL

Question 50

reaction between acid anhydride and water

Answer 50

2 molecules of methanoic acid

Question 51

whats elimination reaction

Answer 51

two pi bonds break and sigma bonds form

Question 52

products of alcohols and acyl chlorides

Answer 52

esters and hydrogen chloride

Question 53

amide

Answer 53

double bond oxygen with nitrogen nitrogen bonded to carbonyl group

Question 54

equation for reaction between ethanoyl chloride and excess ammonia

Answer 54

CH3COCL + 2NH3 = CH3CONH2 + NH4CL