alkenes Flashcards
(17 cards)
describe C=C bond
area of high electron density
why does E-Z isomerism occur?
-restricted rotation about C=C
-both C in C=C have two different groups attached
what are higher priority groups in E-Z isomerism determined by
higher atomic number
why can Br₂ reacts with alkenes in electrophilic addition
C=C is area of high electron density which induces temporary dipole in Br₂
test for alkene and observation
Br₂
orange to colourless
general equation for hydrolysis of alkylhydrogensulfate
alkylhydrogensulfate + water → alcohol + sulfuric acid
describe major product
-formed from the most stable carbocation
describe and explain what increases the stability of a carbocation
-presence of alkyl groups increases stability
-alkyl groups have positive inductive effect
explain why ______ is the major product
-it is formed from a secondary/tertiary carbocation
-which is more stable than a primary/secondary carbocation
describe a polymer
large molecule consisting of many monomers joined together
what do plasticisers do to PVC
-weakens permanent dipole-dipole forces between PVC molecules (attraction between δ+ C and δ- Cl)
-makes PVC more flexible
uses of plasticised PVC
-cable insulation
-inflatable products
uses of rigid PVC
-windows
-drainpipes
why are addition polymers unreactive
no C=C double bond
why are polymers/plastics non-biodegradable
strong non-polar C-C bonds
why are addition polymers unreactive
-strong non-polar C-C bonds
-not attacked by nucleophiles/electrophiles
why are polyesters/polyamides biodegradable
-C-O/C-N bonds are polar
-δ+ C can be attacked by nucleophiles
