amines

Question 1

disadvantage of nucleophilic substitution of haloalkanes to form primary amines

Answer 1

mixture of amine products formed due to product acting as a nucleophile; low yield primary amine due to further substitution

Question 2

in primary, secondary and tertiary amines, describe what N atom does

Answer 2

-N atom has lone pair so:
can accept proton, as a base
can act as a nucelophile

Question 3

use of quaternary ammonium salts

Answer 3

hair conditioner

Question 4

with further substitution, what is side product of reaction

Answer 4

hydrogen halide

Question 5

large excess haloalkane=

Answer 5

high yield quaternary ammonium salt

Question 6

large excess ammonia=

Answer 6

high yield primary amine

Question 7

advantage of reduction of nitrile to form primary amines

Answer 7

higher yield of primary due to no further substitution

Question 8

advantage of producing primary amine from haloalkane

Answer 8

purer product

Question 9

order of increasing strength of base

Answer 9

phenyl amine, ammonia, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine

Question 10

explain why strength of base increases with aliphatic amines

Answer 10

-alkyl group pushes electrons towards lone pair on N/positive inductive effect
-makes lone pair on N more available

Question 11

explain why strength of base decreases with aromatic amines

Answer 11

-lone pair on N overlaps with delocalised ring
-makes lone pair on N less available