All Families & Friends Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Identify the family:
-Alternate leaves
-Spiral phyllotaxy
-Cylindrical strobili
-Kidney shaped sporangia
-Homosporous

Lycopodiaceae

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Identify the family:
-Alternate leaf arrangement
-Dimorphic
-4-ranked phyllotaxy
-Strobilli 4-sided
-Globose sporangia
-Heterosporous

Selaginellaceae

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Identify the family:
-Terrestrial/Aquatic
-Compact stems
-Corm
-Leaves with air chambers
-Alternate leaf arrangement
-Spiral phyllotaxy
-Strobili absent
-Large sporangia at the base of the leaves
-Heterosporous

Isoetaceae

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Identify the family:
-Epiphytic
-Roots absent
-Scale-like leaves
-3-loculed sporangia
-Homosporous

Psilotaceae

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Identify the family:
-Leaves simple/compound
-Dimorphic
-Leaves divided into Sporophore and Trochophore
-Homosporous

Ophioglossaceae

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Identify the family:
-Grooved stem with air canals and silica bodies
-Scale-like leaves
-Whorled leaf arrangement
-Spores with elaters
-Sporangiophores
-Homosporous

Equisetaceae

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Identify this family:
-Compound leaves
-Dimorphic/ Partially dimorphic
-Absence of sori
-Dehisced sporangia look like pac-man
-Homosporous

Osmundaceae

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Identify the family:
-Aquatic
-Compound leaves (4 leaflets)
-Sporangia aggregated into sporocarps
-Heterosporous

Marsileaceae

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Identify the family:
-Aquatic
-Simple leaves, small hairs
-Microscopic sporangia
-Heterosporous

Salviniaceae

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Identify the order:
-Compound leaves
-Homosporous
-Sori present
-Sporangia on leaf underside
-Annulus present

Polypodiales

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Identify the genus:
-Diecious
-Coralloid roots
-Cataphylls
-Leaves pinnately compound
-Inverted omega pattern of vascular bundles in the petioles
-Female and male strobili

Cycads

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Identify the family:
-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Single main vein per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-No megastrobili,rather simple aggregations of megasporophylls at the apical meristem

Cycadaceae

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Identify the family:
-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Multiple veins per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-Mega sporangiate strobili

Zamiaceae

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Identify the family:
-Dioecious
-Habit: deciduous trees
-Fan shaped leaves with dichotomous venation
-Short and long shoots
-Microstrobilus with many microsporophylls, very short-lived and deciduous
-Megastrobili consisting of only two ovules

Ginkgoaceae

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Identify the family:
-Habit:trees
-Highly resinous
-Leaves often borne in fascicles (short shoots)
-Microstrobili with 2 microsporagia on each microsporophyll
-“Mickeymouse” pollen
-Cones with 2 ovules per scale, ovules directed towards cone axis
-Seeds with wing

Pinaceae

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What family has winged seedlings?

Pinaceae

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Identify the family:
-Habit:trees
-Leaves scale-like, often opposite, but varied
-Phyllotaxy often decussate
-Often many(>2) microsporangia on microsporophyll
-Often many ovules on each ovulate scale

Cupressaceae

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Identify the family:
-Habit:trees
-Dioecious
-Leaves typically broad (not needle-like)
-Cone highly reduced to a single seed
-Cone modified into a juicy epimatium for dispersal by vertebrates

Podocarpaceae

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Identify the family:
-Habit:trees
-Dioecious
-Seeds arillate
-Microsporophylls somewhat peltate
-Ovules solitary and lacking cones

Taxaceae

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Identify the family:
-Habit:trees with straight trunk
-Monoecious or dioecious
-Large microstrobili
-Usually with large cones
-One seed per ovulate scale and seeds very large

Araucariaceae

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Identify the family:
-Habit:lianas
-Dioecious
-Broad leaves with reticulate venation
-Strobili with mixed male and female structures
-Horizontal pedioles

Gnetaceae

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Identify the family:
-Habit:shrubs
-Dioecious
-Stems tough and often glaucous
-Leaves opposite or whorled, reduced to scales
-Strobili small
-Micropylar tube

Ephedraceae

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Identify the family:
-Habit:suffrutescent herb
-Dioecious
-Only produce cotyledons that continue to grow for hundreds of years

Welwitschiaceae

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Name the family:
* Habit: shrubs
* Dioecious
* Aggregate of drupes

Amborellaceae

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Name the family: * Habit: aquatic herbs * Rhizomes * Leaves with long petioles and floating blades * Many petaloid stamens (staminodes) that look like tepals * Fused carpels in a ring * Roots with transverse air spaces

Nymphaeaceae

Name the family: * Habit: shrubs, vines * Spiral phyllotaxy * Leaves alternate * Often smelling of anise (licorice) * Solitary flowers * Follicles in a single whorl in Illicium (resembling a crown) * Unorganized tepals

Schisandraceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees, shrubs * Spiral phyllotaxy * Leaves alternate * Stipules encircling stem * Fuzzy buds * Solitary, terminal flowers * Aggregate of samaras * Aggregate of follicles * Elongated receptacle * Crest-shaped stigmas

Magnoliaceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees * 2-ranked phyllotaxy * Leaves alternate, often obovate with a drip tip * 3 whorls of tepals, outermost sepal-like * Ball of stamens * Seeds with ruminate endosperm * Aggregate of berries * Often pollinated by beetles

Annonaceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees, shrubs * Etherial oils prominent, spicy * Stems remaining green unusually long * Spiral phyllotaxy * Leaves alternate * Inflorescences present * Flowers small, usually with 6 tepals, nectar glands * Stamens dehiscing byf laps * Drupes subtended by cupules * Plinervy * Anthers dehiscing by flaps, with thickened connective tissue

Lauraceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, many epiphytic * Stem often with scattered vascular bundles * Sheathing petioles * Leaf bases often asymmetric, palmate venation * Spikes with tiny, inconspicuous flowers * Peperomia

Piperaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs or lianas * Flowers large and showy * Sepals (tepals) showy, often fused into a long and zygomorphic tube * Stamens often fused to the style = gynostemium or column * Capsule with winged seeds

Aristolochiaceae

Name the family: * Herbs (rarely vines) * Leaves often compound or finely dissected * Usually 5 sepals and petals, many stamens, many distinct carpels * Spurs sometimes present * Fruits variable but typically aggregates of follicles and achenes

Ranunculaceae

Name the family: * Herbs or shrubs * Leaves dissected or compound * Yellow wood (from berberine) * Single carpel * Berry * Flower often white or yellowish and single carpel

Berberidaceae

Name the family: * Herbs * Laticifers * Leaves usually lobed or dissected * Sepals usually 2 & deciduous * 2 carpels (but can be many) * Capsules

Papaveraceae

Name the family: * Trees * Flaky bark * Leaves palmately lobed * Inflorescences globose heads, with many flowers * Flowers imperfect (separate male and female) * 2 carpels (but can be many) * Achenes subtended by long bristles

Plantaceae

Name the family: * Herbs * Leaves usually simple, palmate venation, & toothy * No stipules * Hypanthium * Usually 2 carpels, fused with remnant styles (capsules)

Saxifragaceae

Name the family: * Habit: succulent herbs * CAM * Leaves usually simple, opposite or alternate * Some make plantlets on the margins of leaves * Sepals and petals fused or not * Usually 5c arpels, NOT fused with remnant styles (follicles)

Crassulaceae

Name the family: * Habit: small trees * Leaves 2-ranked, simple, pinnate venation, & crenate/serrate * Hairs stellate * Petals may be long, strap-shaped * Usually 2 carpels, fused with remnant styles (capsules)

Hamamelidaceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees * Leaves usually palmately lobed and serrate * Wind-pollinated, flowers not showy * Separate male and female inflorescences * Multiple of capsules * Remnant style branches

Altingiaceae

Name the family: * Habit: lianas * Stem with swollen nodes * Leaves often lobed and toothed * Leaf-opposed tendrils * Inflorescences highly branched * Petals deciduous as a “cap” * Stamens opposite the petals * Berry, distinctive seeds

Vitaceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees, shrubs, herbs * Leaves sometimes with 2 glands at the base of the blade * Laticifers * Showy bracts common * Flowers often highly reduced, unisexual * Ovaries 3-carpellate,3 styles (each bifid), 1 seed per locule * Schizocarps

Euphorbiaceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees, shrubs * Often found in wetland margins * Leaves with salicoid teeth * Tropical members with showy flowers * Temperate members with long, dangly inflorescences, capsules and comose (fluffy) seeds

Salicaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, trees * Flowers zygomorphic * Short filaments, anthers tightly wrapped around the gynoecium * Stamen forming a special nectar-secreting appendage in spur * 3 carpels, capsule

Violaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, shrubs * Pellucid dots in leaves * Leaves opposite * Cymes common * Showy,mostly yellow,4-to 5-merous perianths * Many stamens * 3 carpels, capsule

Hypericaceae

Name the family: * Habit: vines (mostly), herbs * Tendrils axillary * Glands all over, esp.leaves * Leaves deeply lobed * Epicalyx * Corona * Stamens usually borne on a stalk with the gynoecium (called an androgynophore) * 3 carpels fused in the ovary, but distinct styles! * Berry

Passifloraceae

Name the family: * Monophyletic * Habit: herbs,shrubs, trees, vines * Leaves alternate, almost always pinnate, with large stipules (and stiples) and pulvini (and pulvinuli) * Flowers showy * Ovaries 1-carpellate * Legumes

Fabaceae

Name the family: * Habit: mostly herbs, but also shrubs, trees, vines * Roots with methyl salicylate (wintergreen) * Leaves simple * Sepals 5,dimorphic * Often 1 fimbriate petal, 2 smaller ones * Stamens dehiscing by pores * Ovaries 2-carpellate,seeds arillate or with hairs * Capsules, rarely samaras or berries

Polygalaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, sometimes trees * Leaves compound (“clover” leaves) * Flowers showy, often with differential orientation of androecium and gynoecium (distyly & tristyly) * Ovaries 5-carpellate * Capsules(seeds dispersed ballistically), rarely berries

Oxalidaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, shrubs, trees, vines * Simple or compound leaves, usually with prominent stipules and teeth * Epicalyx rarely present * Hypanthium present * Many stamens * Carpel number and ovary position variable * Fruits highly variable * Prominent stipules * Compound leaves with teeth

Rosaceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees, shrubs, or very rarely herbs * Milky latex * Leaves simple, variously lobed * Prominent stipules,usually encircling the stem * Stamens opposite the tepals * Drupes or achenes, sometimes associated with juicy tepals * Flowers sometimes borne within a synconium

Moraceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees mostly, rarely vines or herbs * Leaves mostly 2-ranked, simple, several primary veins smoothly arching, toothy, with asymmetric bases * Prominent stipules * Flowers minute, imperfect (male or female) * Fruits often drupes

Cannabaceae

Name the family: * Habit: mostly shrubs, but herbs, trees, vines * Simple,opposite leaves * “Checkerboard” venation * Inflorescences often cymes * Flowers with a hypanthium * Anthers dehiscing by pores, connective expanded * Ovaries inferior, capsules or berries

Melastomataceae

Name the family: * Habit: mostly herbs, sometimes shrubs, trees * Leaves alternate or opposite * Flowers with a hypanthium * Sepals and petals 4 * Pollen with viscin threads * Four carpels

Onagraceae

Name the family: * Trees * Hairs commonly stellate * Leaves marcescent, simple, but with teeth/lobes * Catkins (inflorescences with imperfect flowers assoc. with wind pollination) * Nuts with bracts/cupules and/or scales * Auxiliary female flowers

Fagaceae

Name the family: * Trees * Leaves simple, but with teeth/lobes (doubly serrate) * Catkins (inflorescences with imperfect flowers assoc. with wind pollination) * Nuts or samaras with bract

Betulaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, rarely shrubs * Glucosinolates! * Sepals and petals 4 (“cruciferous”) * Stamens 4+2 (tetradynamous) * Siliques/silicles (capsule with false septum, and a thickened placenta = replum)

Brassicaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, trees, shrubs, vines * Leaves simple (rarely palmately comp.), with palmate venation, stipules conspicuous * Mucilage * Stellate hairs * Stamens fused (intotube, or monodelphous), pollen echinate * Usually capsules,follicles, or schizocarps * Epicalyx

Malvaceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees,shrubs, vines * Compound leaves with no stipules (simple in Acer) * Prominent nectar disk * Flowers varied * Fruits varied(but not drupes)

Sapindaceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees, shrubs * Resin * Alternate, pinnately compound leaves, no stipules * Flowers with large nectar disks * Drupe

Anacardiaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs * Lack betalains * Opposite leaves * Swollen nodes * “Sepals” fused * “Petals” distinct, often cleft, lobed, or “pinked” * Free-central placentation * Capsules

Caryophyllaceae

Name the family: * Habit: succulent herb * Opposite or alternate leaves * Two sepaloid bracts OR two bract-like sepals? * Circumscissile capsules with basal placentation

Portulacaceae

Name the family: * Habit: succulent shrubs, trees * Succulent stems * Alternate leaves, spines * Glochids * Many tepals,many stamens * Fruitus usually a berry, inferior (and buried in the stem!)

Cactaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, or rarely lianas * Leaves opposite, but slightly different in size, soft herbaceous * Single whorl of tepals forming a tube, with apices cleft and with fold lines

Nyctaginaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, rarely trees, shrubs or vines * Ochrea (sheathing leaf base ABOVE the node) * 5 or 6 tepals * Achene(often with fleshy or winged accessory tissue)

Polygonaceae

Name the family: * Habit: carnivorous herbs * Leaves covered in glandular hairs, circinate vernation

Droseraceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees * Leaves usually opposite * Smooth arching secondary veins * “The dogwood test” * Inferior ovaries * Drupes with ridged endocarps

Cornaceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees * Leaves simple, opposite or alternate * Sometimes with laticifers * Drupe * Possibly the most boring plants on earth

Nyssaceae

Name the family: * Habit: mostly herbs, sometimes shrubs * Resin canals red or black in color (causing lines or dots) * Stamens opposite petals * Capsules or drupes

Primulaceae

Name the family: * Habit: usually shrubs, sometimes trees or herbs * Corolla urceolate (urn shaped) * Anthers dehiscing by pores, sometimes with appendages * Ovary position variable * Capsules or berries

Ericaceae

Name the family: * Habit: carnivorous herbs * Leaves tubular * Flowers very large and showy * Umbrella-shaped style

Sarraceniaceae

Name the family: * Fleshy herbs * Nodes swollen * Leaves simple, alternate, serrate * Flower resupinate, zygomorphic and showy * Sepals 3: one modified into a spur, other two small * Stamens fused forming a cap over the gynoecium * Capsules

Balsaminaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs * Leaves often lobed or highly dissected * Glandular and/or branched hairs covering leaves * Petals tubular and with fold lines * Stamens often opening by pores * Berries

Solanaceae

Name the family: * Habit: usually vines or herbs * No tendrils, twining * Leaves often lobed * Milky latex * Petals tubular and with fold lines * Capsules (splitting along 4 lines, despite 2 carpels)

Convolvulaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs or small trees * Leaves simple and alternate * Large cystoliths at base of hairs giving rough texture (scabrous) * Scorpioid cymes * Gynobasic style * Fruits highly variable

Boraginaceae

Name the family: * Habit: all, mostly herbs or shrubs * Leaves simple and opposite or whorled * Interpetiolar stipules * Inferior ovaries * Fruits variable, but often berries

Rubiaceae

Name the family: * Habit: all * Milky sap (dangerous alkaloids) * Leaves simple and opposite or whorled * Corona * Pollen aggregated into pollinia in some taxa * Style expanded into a head * Follicles

Apocynaceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees and shrubs * Leaves simple with small, triangular stipules * Flowers unisexual,small and white (plants dioecious) * Stigma sessile on ovary (no style) * Fruit drupe

Aquifoliaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, shrubs, trees, vines * Leaves opposite, no stipules * Flowers zygomorphic * Style elongate, stigma capitate * Fruits various

Caprifoliaceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees * Leaves opposite, simple or pinnate * Four sepals + petals * Only 2 stamens * Fruits usually drupes, but rarely samaras

Oleaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, rarely shrubs * Stem rounded, not square in cross section * Leaves often alternate * Weakly bilabiate corolla * Lacking a spur * Usually capsules

Scrophulariaceae

Name the family: * Habit: usually herbs * Round stems, not square * No fragrant oils * Two major floral morphologies: * Flowers strongly bilabiate, often with a spur * Perianth reduced and wind pollinated * Capsules

Plantaginaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs * Hemiparasites (green) and holoparasites (no color) * Flowers weekly zygomorphic * Capsules * Plants dry black * 2+2 stamens

Orobanchaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, shrubs * Opposite leaves, square stems * Sometimes with fragrant oils * Flowers often in tight, cymose clusters * Strongly bilabiate corollas * Style gynobasic,with gracile, asymmetrical branches * 4 nutlets * 4 stamens (2+2)

Lamiaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, shrubs, lianas, trees * Opposite leaves, square stems * Sometimes with fragrant oils * Weakly bilabiate corolla * Style gynoterminal,with thick, symmetrical branches * Capsules or berries

Verbenaceae

Name the family: * Habit: trees, shrubs or lianas * Opposite, usually compound leaves * Strongly bilabiate * Elongate capsules * Seeds with papery wings

Bignoniaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, sometimes aquatic * Carnivorous (glandular hairs, or traps) * Strongly bilabiate corolla, usually with a spur * Stamens 2

Lentibulariaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs * Usually with strong resinous aromatic compounds * Alternate, compound leaves, sheathing leaf base * Umbels( often compound) * Sterile, showy flowers sometimes present * Stylopodium

Apiaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, shrubs * Alternate, simple leaves * Milky latex * Flowers actinomorphic (Campanuloideae) or zygomorphic (Lobelioideae) * Secondary pollen presentation * Inferior ovary, with 2-3 carpels

Campanulaceae

Name the family: * Variable in habit * Anthers are fused around, but not to the style branches * Secondary pollen presentation * Phyllaries * Capitula (heads) variable (ligulate, radiate, or discoid) * Flowers variable (ligules,rays, or discs) * Calyx is called pappus

Asteraceae

Name the family: * Habit: “Trees” * Compound leaves * Large inflorescences, sometimes associated with spathes * Drupes

Arecaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, vines or floating aquatics * If herbaceous, stems corms * Milky sap (sometimes) * Leaves with primary vein and usually reticulate secondaries * Minute flowers * Spathe and spadix * Berries

Araceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs * Usually aquatic * Milky sap * Many stamens/carpels * Flowers showy and usually unisexual * 3 sepals

Alismataceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs with rhizomes, often with aromatic compounds * Leaves two ranked, ligulate * Flowers zygomorphic * Labellum * Single fertile stamen * Inferior ovary * Ligule * Parallel venation

Zingiberaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs * Leaves with closed sheaths * Spathes often present * Flowers usually strongly zygomorphic * Petals deliquescent * Stamens covered in moniliform hairs

Commelinaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs, usually with bulbs * Large showy flowers * No fusion of tepals and stamens * Superior ovary * Capsules

Liliaceae

Name the family: * Habit: vines with large rhizomes * Often with prickles * Leaves with large paired tendrils * Umbels * Small, green, unisexual flowers (dioecious) * No fusion of tepals and stamens * Superior ovary * Berries

Smilacaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs with bulbs * Umbels * “hypanthium” * Corona (sometimes) * 6 stamens * Inferior ovary * Capsules * Seeds black (phytomelan)

Amaryllidaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs with bulbs * Sulphur containing compounds * Umbels * Very short “hypanthium” * Corona (sometimes) * 6 stamens * Superior ovary * Capsules * Black seeds

Alliaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs or “trees” * Arid adadapted (or not) * Racemes or panicles * 6 epipetalous stamens * Inferior or superior ovary * Capsules

Agavaceae

Name the family: * Habit: herbs * Small, linear leaves * Racemes or panicles * 6 epipetalous stamens * Superior ovary * Berries

Asparagaceae

All Families & Friends Flashcards

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