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Gymnosperms Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Identify the genus:
-Diecious
-Coralloid roots
-Cataphylls
-Leaves pinnately compound
-Inverted omega pattern of vascular bundles in the petioles
-Female and male strobili

A

Cycads

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2
Q

What are some common traits of Cycads?

A

-Diecious
-Coralloid roots
-Cataphylls
-Leaves pinnately compound
-Inverted omega pattern of vascular bundles in the petioles
-Female and male strobili

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3
Q

What adaptation is unique to Coniferales?

A

true cones

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4
Q

What are the two families within Cycads?

A

Cycadaceae & Zamiaceae

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5
Q

What are the closest relatives to angiosperms?

A

seed ferns

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6
Q

Identify the family:
-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Single main vein per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-No megastrobili,rather simple aggregations of megasporophylls at the apical meristem

A

Cycadaceae

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7
Q

What are some common traits of Cycadaceae?

A

-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Single main vein per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-No megastrobili,rather simple aggregations of megasporophylls at the apical meristem

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8
Q

Where are Cycadaceae found?

A

Tropical Asia

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9
Q

Identify the family:
-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Multiple veins per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-Mega sporangiate strobili

A

Zamiaceae

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10
Q

What are some common traits of Zamiaceae?

A

-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Multiple veins per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-Mega sporangiate strobili

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11
Q

Where are Zamiaceae found?

A

Tropical

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12
Q

Identify the family:
-Dioecious
-Habit: deciduous trees
-Fan shaped leaves with dichotomous venation
-Short and long shoots
-Microstrobilus with many microsporophylls, very short-lived and deciduous
-Megastrobili consisting of only two ovules

A

Ginkgoaceae

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13
Q

What are some common traits of Ginkgoaceae?

A

-Dioecious
-Habit: deciduous trees
-Fan shaped leaves with dichotomous venation
-Short and long shoots
-Microstrobilus with many microsporophylls, very short-lived and deciduous
-Megastrobili consisting of only two ovules

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14
Q

Describe the megastrobili on Ginkgos.

A

Reduced to paired ovules on a stalk, usually only one ovule develops on each.

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15
Q

Where are Ginkgos found?

A

China

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16
Q

When did gymnosperms and angiosperms diverge from other taxa?

A

~360MYA

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17
Q

When did gymnosperms and angiosperms diverge from each other?

A

~325MYA

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18
Q

How many times has heterospory arisen?

A

3

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19
Q

What are the phylums (and families) where heterospory evolved?

A

Monilophytes
-Marsileaceae
-Salviniaceae

Lycophytes
-Selaginellaceae
-Isoetaceae

All gymnosperms & angiosperms

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20
Q

Integument

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A

flaps of tissue grown around the megasporangium

21
Q

What is a cone?

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A

a compound, female strobilus

22
Q

Coralloid roots

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A

lumpy roots near the surface that work with bacteria to fix nitrogen

23
Q

What are the three parts of the seed?

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A

-nutritive tissue
-integument
-female gametophyte

24
Q

Identify the family:
-monecious
-Highly resinous
-Leaves often borne in fascicles (short shoots)
-Microstrobili with 2 microsporagia on each microsporophyll
-“Mickeymouse” pollen
-Cones with 2 ovules per scale, ovules directed towards cone axis
-Seeds with wing

25
What are some common traits of Pinaceae?
-Habit:trees -Highly resinous -Leaves often borne in fascicles (short shoots) -Microstrobili with 2 microsporagia on each microsporophyll -“Mickeymouse” pollen -Cones with 2 ovules per scale, ovules directed towards cone axis -Seeds with wing
26
What family has winged seedlings?
Pinaceae
27
Where is Pinaceae found?
northern temperate climates
28
Identify the family: -Habit:trees -Leaves scale-like, often opposite, but varied -Phyllotaxy often decussate -Often many(>2) microsporangia on microsporophyll -Often many ovules on each ovulate scale
Cupressaceae
29
What are some common traits of Cupressaceae?
-Habit:trees -Leaves scale-like, often opposite, but varied -Phyllotaxy often decussate -Often many(>2) microsporangia on microsporophyll -Often many ovules on each ovulate scale
30
Where are Cupressaceae found?
northern temperate habitats
31
Identify the family: -Habit:trees -Dioecious -Leaves typically broad (not needle-like) -Cone highly reduced to a single seed -Cone modified into a juicy epimatium for dispersal by vertebrates
Podocarpaceae
32
What are some common traits of Podocarpaceae?
-Habit:trees -Dioecious -Leaves typically broad (not needle-like) -Cone highly reduced to a single seed -Cone modified into a juicy epimatium for dispersal by vertebrates
33
Where are Podocarpaceae found?
southern tropical/subtropical
34
Identify the family: -Habit:trees -Dioecious -Seeds arillate -Microsporophylls somewhat peltate -Ovules solitary and lacking cones
Taxaceae
35
What are some common traits of Taxaceae?
-Habit:trees -Dioecious -Seeds arillate -Microsporophylls somewhat peltate -Ovules solitary and lacking cones
36
Where are Taxaceae found?
Northern temperate
37
Identify the family: -Habit:trees with straight trunk -Monoecious or dioecious -Large microstrobili -Usually with large cones -One seed per ovulate scale and seeds very large
Araucariaceae
38
What are some common traits of Araucariaceae?
-Habit:trees with straight trunk -Monoecious or dioecious -Large microstrobili -Usually with large cones -One seed per ovulate scale and seeds very large
39
Where are Araucariaceae found?
Southern tropical
40
Identify the family: -Habit:lianas -Dioecious -Broad leaves with reticulate venation -Strobili with mixed male and female structures -Horizontal pedioles
Gnetaceae
41
What are some common traits of Gnetaceae?
-Habit:lianas -Dioecious -Broad leaves with reticulate venation -Strobili with mixed male and female structures -Horizontal pedioles
42
Where are Gnetaceae found?
Tropical forests
43
Identify the family: -Habit:shrubs -Dioecious -Stems tough and often glaucous -Leaves opposite or whorled, reduced to scales -Strobili small -Micropylar tube
Ephedraceae
44
What are some common traits of Ephedraceae?
-Habit:shrubs -Dioecious -Stems tough and often glaucous -Leaves opposite or whorled, reduced to scales -Strobili small -Micropylar tube
45
Where are Ephedraceae found?
Deserts
46
Identify the family: -Habit:suffrutescent herb -Dioecious -Only produce cotyledons that continue to grow for hundreds of years
Welwitschiaceae
47
What are some common traits of Welwitschiaceae?
-Habit:suffrutescent herb -Dioecious -Only produce cotyledons that continue to grow for hundreds of years
48
Where are Welwitschiaceae found?
Namib desert

Plant Systematics (11 decks)

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