Angiosperms & Floral Morphology

Question 1

What are the three types of fruits angiosperms use for reproduction?

Answer 1

fleshy, winged, exozoochorous

Question 2

Exozoochorous

Answer 2

grabs onto animals for dispersion

Question 3

How many integuments does the ovule of a flowering plant have?

Answer 3

two

Question 4

Carpel

Question 5

How many cells & nuclei are in the megagametophyte?

Answer 5

7 cells; 8 nuclei

Question 6

How many cells is the male gametophyte?

Answer 6

2-3

Question 7

What 3 traits do we see in wind pollinated plants?

Answer 7

-floral reduction
-large, feathery styles
-large anthers

Question 8

What 4 traits do we see in bird pollination?

Answer 8

-brightly colored flowers
-long and tubular
-no fragrance
-lots of nectar

Question 9

What 4 traits do we see in bat pollination?

Answer 9

-white flowers
-open, robust flowers
-fragrant at night
-lots of nectar

Question 10

What 3 traits do we see in beetle pollination?

Answer 10

-beetles eat the pollen
-fragrant
-closed chambers

Question 11

What 3 traits do we see in bee pollination?

Answer 11

-zygomorphic flower
-fragrant
-landing platform with nectar guides

Question 12

What 2 traits do we see in butterfly pollination?

Answer 12

-brightly colored tubular flowers
-landing platform

Question 13

What two traits do we see in fly pollination?

Answer 13

-rotting smell
-darkly colored

Question 14

Pseudocopulation pollination

Answer 14

When a flower produces imitation sex pheromones/flower parts to entice male pollinators.

Question 15

What is Darwin’s “Abominable Mystery”?

Answer 15

Why did angiosperms suddenly appear in the fossil record?

Question 16

When does the fossil record place angiosperms?

Answer 16

~132 MYA

Question 17

Where do Bennettitales, Glossopteridales, & Caytoniales fit into the fossil record?

Answer 17

in the 200 MY gap between gymnosperms and angiosperms

Question 18

Calyx

Answer 18

All the sepals, 1st whorl

Question 19

Corolla

Answer 19

All the petals, 2nd whorl

Question 20

Androecium

Answer 20

All the stamen, 3rd whorl

Question 21

Gynoecium

Answer 21

All the carpel, 4th whorl

Question 22

Tepal

Answer 22

One or more whorls of sepals or petals that look identical

Question 23

Corona

Answer 23

An extra whorl between the petals and stamens; you can tell them apart from the tepals because they look remarkably different.

Question 24

Carpel

Answer 24

consists of stigma, style, & ovary

Question 25

Stigma

Answer 25

specialized surface for pollen reception & germination

Question 26

Ovary

Answer 26

contains ovules which develop into seeds after germination

Question 27

Style

Answer 27

the leftover tissue between the stigma and the ovary (stalk through which the pollen tubes/microgametophytes grow)

Question 28

Bisexual (perfect) flowers

Answer 28

have stamens & carpels

Question 29

Imperfect flowers

Answer 29

have either stamens OR carpels

Question 30

Staminate

Answer 30

a flower with just stamens

Question 31

Carpellate

Answer 31

a flower with just carpels

Question 32

Hypanthium

Answer 32

fusion of petals, sepals, & stamen into a cup

Question 33

Zygomorphic

Answer 33

one plane of symmetry

Question 34

Actinomorphic

Answer 34

multiple planes of symmetry

Question 35

Pedicel

Answer 35

Stalk on which the flower sits

Question 36

What are the two parts of the stamen?

Answer 36

Anthers: make the pollen Filaments: stalk for the anther

Question 37

What is it called when the stamen is reduced? Explain the morphology.

Answer 37

When the stamen is reduced it's called a microsporophyll. It contains several microsporangia, which are the sacs of the anther. They produce microspores.

Question 38

Stamenoids

Answer 38

sterile stamen

Question 39

What did carpels evolve from?

Answer 39

megasporophylls

Question 40

Placenta

Answer 40

surrounds the ovule, providing nutrition

Question 41

Ovary wall

Answer 41

protective structure that will become a fruit

Question 42

Locule

Answer 42

chamber of an individual carpel, contains the ovules

Question 43

Septum

Answer 43

remnants of the ovary wall from the fusion of 2 or more carpels

Question 44

Superior ovary

Answer 44

Sepals, petals, and stamens attached to receptacle at base of ovary.

Question 45

Inferior ovary

Answer 45

Sepals, petals, and stamens appear attached at top of ovary.

Question 46

Parietal

Answer 46

multiple carpels in one locule

Question 47

Axile

Answer 47

one carpel in each locule