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All the Other Stuff Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 main ingredients of beer?

A

water
barley (or other malts)
Hops
yeast

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2
Q

What are the earliest beer laws? Where? Stating what?

A

Bavarian Purity Law (Reinheitsgebot) of 1516. Codified 3 ingredients for use of production, water, barley, hops. Yeast then unknown. Wheat preserved for bread production

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3
Q

How long does germination last in beer production? What is the preferred grain?

A

2 days approx

Barley

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4
Q

What is the sparge in beer production?

A

the spent mash that is washed w/ water to extract extra sugars, sometimes combined with wort for final production, but may lend extra bitterness

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5
Q

What are the names of lager vs. ale yeasts?

A

Lager=saccharomyces pastorianus (carlsbergensis no longer used)

Ale=saccharomyces cerevisiae

Ale ferm less than a week, Lager 2-3 weeks
Lager yeasts can withstand cooler temps

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6
Q

What are wild strains of yeast for lambics, etc?

A

brettanomycecs bruxellensis

brettanomyces lambicus

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7
Q

When was Trappist assoc. founded? What are all Trappist ales by country?

A

ft. 1997 (10 total monasteries)

Belgium
  Westmalle
  Westvleteren
  Achel
  Chimay
  Rochefort 
  Orval 
Netherlands 
  Koningshoeven (La Trappe) 
  Abdij Maria Toevlucht (2013) 
Austria 
  Sift Eugelszell (2012)
US
  St Joseph's Abbey (2013)
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8
Q

What is koji-kin?

A

(aspergillus oryzae) a mold crucial to sake production

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9
Q

What is the preferred rice strain for sake production?

A

Yamada Nishiki

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10
Q

What are following sake terms:

  • shinpaku
  • seimaibuai
A

shinpaku=pure starchy heart of rice grain

seimaibuai=milled sake, labeling term

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11
Q

list normal styles of sake w/ corresponding % of rice remaining

A

Junmai=70% (pre ‘04) can now be higher than 70% if labeled “semibua”

Hojozo=70%-small brewer’s alc (pure dist.) added before press

Ginjo=60%-honjozo in style w/ brewer’s alc, Junmai Ginjo=no brewer’s alc

Daiginjo=50%-honjozo in style, BA added, Junmai Daiginjo=no BA

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12
Q

What is the term for the steamed rice upon which mold is cultivated in sake production?

A

koji

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13
Q

What are the following sake terms

  • moto
  • moromi
A

moto-fermentation “starter” of yeast, rice, and water added to koji

moromi=fermenting mash

3x moto=moromi

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14
Q

how long does sake fermentation generally last? final abv?

A

45 days

fermented to approx 20% but lowered w/ water to approx. 17%

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15
Q

how is sake measured in sweetness?

A

Nihonshudo (sake value meter) measures gravity (density in contrast to water). negative values=sweetness, positives=dryness

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16
Q

What are terms for proper sake service vessels?

A
  • tokkuri=ceramic decanters. May be heated in warm bath for basic bitches
  • ochoko=small cylindrical cups
  • sakazuki=ceremonial cups
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17
Q

What are the following styles of sake?

  • Namazake
  • Nigori
  • Taruzake
  • Jizake
  • Genshu
A 
-unpasterized sake 
unfiltered sake 
barrel-aged sake 
sake from small kura (brewer)
undiluted sake
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18
Q

What is the boiling point of alc?

A

173 F (at sea level)

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19
Q

Who is considered to be the father of modern distillation?

A

Jabir ibn Hayyan. 8th cent. Arabic alchemist/chemist who improved upon alembic still

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20
Q

What are alternate names for continuous still?

A

Coffey, column, patent still

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21
Q

What provides flavor to spirits (good or bad)?

A

Congeners. Most bad are concentrated in the heads (foreshot) and tails, good in the center

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22
Q

What is original “proof” of spirits? Modern?

A

-in UK, gunpowder’s combustibility when doused in the spirit

modern in US 2x abv

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23
Q

Name country of origin and base for each:

  • Stolinchnaya
  • Chopin
  • Belvedere
  • Grey Goose
  • Tito’s
  • Ketel One
A
  • Russia, wheat/rye
  • Poland, Potato
  • Poland, rye (LVMH)
  • French, wheat (pot still)
  • US Texas, corn (pot still)
  • Netherlands, wheat (copper pot still)
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24
Q

What is aquavit?

A

Scandinavian spirit from fermented potoato or grain and flavored w/ caraway root and other aromatics

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25
What are soju (Korea) and shochu (Japan)?
clear spirits traditionally distilled from sake but now may use other grains/potatoes. - Shochu not charcoal filtered - Awamori (Okinawan style) is always from rice
26
What are dominant botanicals of London Dry Gin? Popular brands?
Juniper, anise, citrus, cardamom, coriander, nutmeg, angelica root Beefeater, Tanqueray, Bombay/Sapphier, Gordon's, Boodles
27
Where was the first style of Gin created, by whom, when?
Genever (Jenever) in Holland by Dr. Sylvius de Bouve in 16th cent.
28
What are the defining characteristics between following styles of Gin: - London Dry - Genever - Plymouth - Old Tom
- classic, juniper forward - OG, juniper and malt, may oak-age, traditional w/ 15% malt wine - fuller more aromatic than LD, produced only by Plymouth, Coats, and Co. - lightly sweetened and Barrel-aged
29
What is the proper Gin for each cocktail? - Pink Lady - Martinez - Tom Collins
- Plymouth - Old Tom - Old Tom
30
Brief origin story of Whisky?
derived from Gaelic "uisgebeatha" (water of life), St. Patrick introduced it into Ireland in 5th cent.
31
Which regions of Scotland are more likely to use peat to malt their Barley?
Islands/coastal regions, Scotland's forests lie in the interior
32
What are the 5 categories of Scotch production designated by the 2009 Scotch Whisky Regulations?
- Single Malt=100% malted barley, 1 producer - Single Grain=1 distiller, unmalted barley/wheat/corn - Blended Malt=blend of malted whiskies - Blended Grain=2 or more Grain whiskies - Blended Scotch=mix of malt and grain from multiple distillers
33
What are production req's for Scotch?
- must carry 2009 category on label - produced in Scotland - distilled 2x or more - aged min. 3 yrs
34
Why are Scotches realistically not aged more than 30-32 years?
min. abv by law is 40% so longer than 32 yr Angel's Share is too great to meet the min
35
What are the 6 major regions for Scotch and a few producers from each?
Highlands -Oban, Glenmorangie, Dalwhinnie, Dalmore Lowlands -Glenkinchie, Auchentoshan, Bladnoch Speyside -Glenlivet, Glenfiddich, Macallan, Balvenie (river Spey) Campbeltown -Glen Scotia, Glengyle, Springbank Islands (Skye, Jura, Mall, Arran, Orkney) -Highland Park (Orkney), Talisker (Skye) Islay -Ardbeg, Lagavulin, Laphroig
36
Which 2 producers are most known for finishing cask styles of Scotch?
Glenmorangie (La Santa, Nectar d'Or) | Balvenie (Caribbean Cask, Double Cask)
37
What are 3 main distilleries left in Ireland?
Old Bushmills Cooley New Midelton (Jameson) in revival, more each year
38
What is the main stylistic difference between Scotch and Irish whisky? Why?
Irish from unmalted barley (lighter in character) English excise tax in 1725 on malting process. Scotch began malting at night, Irish stopped
39
What is the notable exception to the Irish style of whiskey? (Aka, is single malt and peat-fired)
Connemara (by Cooley)
40
What are production req's for Irish Whiskey?
Traditionally dist. 3x in pot still, but modernly continuous | Age min 3 yrs, in practice most are 7+
41
What is preferred grain for Canadian Whiskey? Age range?
Rye, but no legal requirement | must age min 3 yrs
42
Who is Japan's largest producer of Whiskey?
Suntory (Yamazakis)
43
What is the EU def of Brandy?
distillation from wine (not pomace) w/ min abv of 36%, min oak age 6 mo
44
What are 6 defined regions of Cognac from high to low quality?
``` Grande Champagne Petit Champage Borderies Fins Bois Bons Bois Bois Ordinaries (Bois a Terroirs) ```
45
What is preferred soil type for Cognac?
soft chalk in Grande and Petit (same as Champs!) center AOPs more hard limestone, sand, clay
46
What are primary varietals of Cognac?
Ugni Blanc (98%), Colombard, Folle Blanche, Montils, Sémillon, Ugni Blanc; plus a max. 10% Folignan (Folle Blanche x Ugni Blanc)
47
What is distillation process of Cognac?
2x in Copper Charentais pot still 1st=Brouillis 2nd=Bonne Chauffe, 4pts (tête, Coeur, secondes, queue) only coeur is saved (40% original volume)
48
What are traditional aging vessels of Cognac?
oak from Limosin and Troçais forests
49
What are aging designations of Cognac?
VS ***=min 2 yrs cask VSOP=min 4 yrs cask XO=now 6 yrs, in 2018 change to 10 yrs *many houses age much longer (15-20yrs), statement indicates youngest eau-de-vie in blend
50
What are req's for Fine Champagne Cognac?
entirely from Grande and Petit Champagne regions, min 50% must be from Grande
51
What are 3 regions of Armagnac?
Haut-Armagnac Bas-Armagnac Armagnac-Ténarèze
52
What are auth. varietals of Armagnac? What is unique about 1?
Baco Blanc (only auth. hybrid in any French AOP), Blanc Dame, Colombard (Picpoul), Folle Blanche, Graisse, Jurançon Blanc, Mauzac, Mauzac Rosé, Meslier Saint-François, Ugni Blanc Armagnac more fequently blends than Cognac
53
What is distillation method of Armagnac?
may be 2x in Charentais still but most 1x in copper continuous still. Simpler style, more character in spirit than Coffey
54
What is Blanche Armagnac?
unaged, btled after 3 mo | given AOP status in 2005
55
What are old vs current age req's of Armagnac?
Old VS***=min 2 yrs VSOP=min 5 yrs XO (or hors d'Age)=min 6 yrs New (2013) 1-3yrs 4-9yrs 10+yrs
56
What are age req's of vintage Armagnac?
10+ yrs
57
What are some notable producers of Cognac vs Armagnac? Which is more often to produce vintage products?
Cognac=Rémy, Courvassier, Mortell, Henny Arm=Laressingle, Labaude, Labordolive (100% Folle Blanche) Armagnac more likely vintage
58
What are the names for brandies produced in these countries? Germany Spain Portugal Chile/Peru
Weinbraund Brandy de Jerez Aguardente Pisco
59
What are the names of Pomace spirits in these countries? Spain France Italy Portugal
Orujo Marc Grappa Bagaceira
60
What are the 3 AOCs of Calvados?
Calvados Calvados Domfrontais Calvados Pays d'Auge (best)
61
What is distillation method of Calvados? Except what region?
2x in Copper pot, aged min 2yrs except in Calvados Domfrontais, which is in continuous
62
What are the aging statements of Calvados?
Fine=youngest, 2 yrs min Vieux/Réserve=3 yrs Vielle Réserve/VSOP=4 yrs XO/Hors d'Age/Extra/Napoléon=6 yrs
63
``` What are the names for following eau-de-vies: -Raspberry -Pear Williams -Plum (many) Fig (Tunisia) Apricot (Hungary) ```
``` Framboise Poire William Slivovitz, Mirabelle, Quetsch, Prunelle, Boukha (nat'l bev) Barack Palinka ```
64
What are 4 main styles of Rum?
Light Dark Demerara (Guyana only) Rhum Agricole
65
Where is Cachaça from?
Brazil
66
Where is rhum agricole produced? What is unique about this location?
Martinique AOC | southernmost AOC in France
67
What are aging re's of Rhum Agricole?
``` Blanc=8 wks in tank élevés sous bois=min 12 mo in oak Rhum Ambré/Rhum Paille=18 mo oak Vieux/Hors d'Age=3yrs oak VO=3yrs oak VSOP=4yrs oak XO=6yrs oak ```
68
What are the Tequila producing states of Mexico?
``` *Jalisco Guanajuates Tamaulipas Nayarit Michoacán ```
69
What is "mixto" Tequila? | What is production method of Tequila?
min 51% blue agave (shit) | 2x in copper pot or continuous
70
What are aging req's of Tequila?
Blanco=ningun Repo=60 days-1yr añejo=1-3yrs extra añejo=3+ yrs
71
What is primary species of agave in Mezcal production? Some other wild species?
Espadin Arroqueño, Tobalá, Tepeztate, variations of Agave Kaiwinkii
72
What is the difference between terms: Mezcal Mezcal Artesanal/Ancestral
industrial spirit vs quality minded/traditional methods
73
What is the base of Angostura
Trinidadian Rum
74
What are the flavorings and country of origin of the following cordials? Fernet Averna Ramazotti Cynar
Italy - Herbs/Roots/spices - Herbs/Roots/Citrus - Herbs/Roots/Orange Peel/Anise - Artichoke
75
What are the flavorings and country of origin of the following cordials? ``` Campari Aperol Amer Pican Suze Boonekamp Unicam (Zwak) Jägermeister ```
- H/Quinine/Rhubarb/Orange (It) - Orange/Gentiane/Rhubarb (It) - Orange/Gentian (Fr) - Gentian/Herbs (Fr) - Herbs/Roots/Spices (Gr) - Herbs/Spices (Hungary) - Herbs/Spices/Fruits (Gr)
76
Fruit base and Country of: ``` Cointreau Curaçao Grand Marnier Van de Hume Marachino Chambord Creme de Cassis Cherry Herring Pisang Ambon Midori Tamara Malibu Sloe Gin Limoncello ```
``` Orange, Fr Laraha Citrus, Netherlands (Antilles) Orange (Cognac), Fr Tangerine, S. Africa Cherry, Croatia B. Rasp, Fr B. Currant, Fr Banana, Netherlands Melon, Japan Dates, Israel Coconut (Rum), Barbados Sloe Berries (Gin), England Lemon, It ```
77
Base and country of: ``` Advocaat Bailey's Amarula Tia Maria Kahlua Godiva Frangelico Amaretto ```
``` Sweetened Egg, Netherlands Cream/Chocolate, Ireland Cream/Marula Fruit, S. Africa Coffee (Rum), Jamaica Coffee (Rum), Mexico Chocolate, Belgium Hazelnut, It Apricot and Almond, It ```
78
Flavorings and country of these whiskey based liquors: ``` SoCo Drambuie Glen Mist Glayva Irish Mist ```
``` Peach/Orange/Spice, American Neutral Whiskey Heather/Honey Herbs, Scotch Whisky Heather/Honey Herbs, Scotch Whisky Honey/Tangerine/Spices, Scotch Honey/Herbs, Irish ```
79
Flavorings and Country of origin of: ``` Pernod Ricard Pastis 51 Ouzo Sambuca Galliano Licor 43 Kümmel Benedictine Chartreuse B+B Strega St. Germaine Crème de Menthe Krupnik ```
``` Anise, Fr Anise, Fr Anise, Fr Anise, Greece Anise/Elderberry, It Anise/Herbs/Vanilla, It Vanilla/Herbs/Spices, Spain Caraway, Denmark Herbs/Spices, Fr Secret shit, Fr Blend of Benedictine and Brandy, Fr (cocktail from NYC) Saffron/Herbs/Spices, It Elderflower, Fr Mint, Randos Honey, Poland ```
80
Which islands produce the following rums: Bacardi Appleton Estate Havana Club Barbancourt
Puerto Rico Jamaica Cuba Haiti
81
list production of sake from start to finish
``` Seimaibuai steaming adding koji-kin moto fermentation adding moto to create moromi dilution pressing pasteurization bottling ```
82
How large is an American Oak Whiskey Barrel?
190L
83
How large is a Cognac barrel?
350L
84
What is the definition of: Cobbler Collins Crusta
wine based, sugar, citrus, shaken over crushed ice lemon juice, simple, soda sugar rim (1st of it's kind), long lemon peel, wine glass
85
What style of beer is a California Common?
c/f Steam beer Lager Ale yeast that is lagered
86
What is Pommeau?
mix of apple juice and apple brandy | produced in Normandy
87
What is a hopback?
chamber for dry hopping beer
88
What are the terms 1. namachozo and 2. namazune?
1. cellared, pasteurized, bottled | 2. pasteurized before cellaring
89
what are the Scotch producing Islands of Scotland?
``` Orkney Skye Jura Arran Mull Lewis Islay... ```
90
What spirit uses Alquitaras in it's production?
Pisco
91
What is parti-gyle brewing?
drawing first part of mash to make strong ale, then refermenting to make a weaker ale. Traditionally 3x, hence Tripel, dubbel, einkel
92
What is the name for an estate bottled Calvados?
"Production Fermiere"

Advanced Somm (21 decks)

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