Alterations of Veins, arteries and dysrhythmia Flashcards
Desies of the veins are?
- Varicose veins
- Chronic venous insufficiency
- Venous stasis ulcers
- Thrombosis
- deep vein thrombosis
Varicose veins are
- a vein in which blood has pooled
- usually caused by damaged or incompetent valves
- Pooling causes veins to be palpated, distended, and tortuous
Risk factors of varicose veins
- age
- family history
- pregnant women
- obesity
- prolonged standing
- wearing tight clothing around the thighs
- crossing legs at the knees
- deep thrombosis
Chronic venpus insuficensiy is
- inadequate venous return over long period of time
- progression of varicose veins
- has the same risk factors
Venous stasis ulcer is
- caused by venous insufficiency
- high venouse pressures, circulatory stasis and tissue hypoxia leads to inflammatory response
- leads to remodeling of the skin and ulcer development
Thrombosis formation is
- formation of blood clot through
1. Thrombosis: blood clot attached to a vessel wall. venous thrombi are very common
2. Embolism: bolus of matter that is circulating in the blood
3. Thromboembolism: detached thrombus
risk factors of thrombus
Triad of Virchow
- venous stasis
- venous endothelial damage
- hypercoagulable state
others
- cancer
- spina cord injury
- heart trauma
- immobility
- orthopedic surgery
Deep Vein Thrombosis
- blood clot found in deep vein
- found usually in the lower extermities
Clinical manifestations of deep vein thrombosis
- unilateral
- erythema
- warmth
- pain
- tenderness with palpation
- varicose veins
Disease of arteries are
1.orthostatic hypotension
2. Aortic aneurisms
3. Aortic dissection
4. Raynaud phenomenon
5. Atherosclerosis
Orthostatic hypotension is
Clinical manifastations?
- decrease in the systole and diastolic blood pressure while standing due to lack of normal blood pressure compensation in response to gravity
- can be acute or chronic
Clinical manifestation
- dizziness, blurry vision, and loss of vision
this are because there is lack of blood return to the brain and vasomotor compensation
Aortic aneurisms?
Clinical manifestation?
Risk factors?
- dilation or outpouching of a vessel wall
- most common thoracic and abdominal aorta
Risk factors:
- smoking
- atherosclerosis
- hypertension
Clinical manifestations
- asymptomatic unil rupture
- dysphagia and dyspnea
What is the difference between true and false aneurisms?
True aneurism affects all three layers of the arterial walls of the blood vessel while false aneurism is extravascular hematoma (clot) that communicates within the intravascular space
Aortic dissection is
is the tearing in the vessels and when blood gets into the wall of an artery
Raynaud phenomenon is ?
Clinical manifestations?
- episodic vasospasm which is narrowing of the arteries by persistent contractions of the blood vessels
Clinical manifestations
- color changes in finger, toes, ears, and nose ( from white, blue, red)
- cold
- painful
- numbness
